Causes and symptoms of Botkin's disease. Botkin's disease: prevention, treatment

To date, the world knows a million different diseases, with most of which people have learned to successfully fight. Of course, in our life we are confronted with only a few diseases. One of these is Botkin's disease. How this disease is transmitted, every mother should know how to treat and prevent it. After all, the infection is often affected by the child's body.

What are hepatitis?

The liver is one of the main human organs. It synthesizes proteins and bile acids, carries out the accumulation and decay of glucose. The main function of the liver is the filter of all incoming substances. Of course, if the liver is broken, the whole human body suffers.

The causes of the disease of this organ can be several:

1. Infections (hepatitis A, B, C, E, D).
2. Diabetes.
3. Long-term use of antibacterial drugs and other medicines.
4. Abuse of alcoholic beverages.
5. Heredity.
6. Ecology.
7. Lifestyle and unacceptable working conditions.

Among the liver diseases are:

1. Viral hepatitis (A, B, C, etc.). Each form has its own characteristics of development, ways of treatment and consequences. All forms of viral hepatitis are transmitted by contact-household way, through sperm, and also from mother to child.
2. Toxic hepatitis is a reaction to taking medications.
3. Alcoholic hepatitis appears as a result of abuse of alcoholic beverages.

All hepatitis, other than form C, are treatable. Hepatitis C is cirrhosis of the liver. There is no medicine for this ailment. The disease always ends in a fatal outcome.

Hepatitis A

Or as it is called - Botkin's disease (in honor of the doctor who discovered the disease) - an acute viral disease that affects mainly the liver. The nervous, digestive system and kidneys also suffer.

The disease can be called an epidemic, the outbreaks of which are typical for the countries of Africa, Asia, South America.

A large percentage of patients with hepatitis A are children, adolescents and the elderly. The main symptoms of Botkin's disease are icteric complexion, headaches, diarrhea. Hepatitis A is a curable disease. It is enough to contact the hospital for help in a timely manner. There are, of course, and deaths - 0,1 - 0,3%.

Causes of the disease

The virus that causes hepatitis A is very resistant to the external environment. Has an acid-resistant shell, as a result of which the protective barrier of the stomach is not terrible to him. For a long time, hepatitis bacteria persist in the water. Therefore, the main cause of epidemics is polluted sources of drinking water. Botkin's disease is also transmitted by a contact-household way, sometimes airborne, also through the blood. The virus can carry flies on itself. Bacteria, getting into the body, are absorbed through the intestine into the bloodstream, after which they are carried around the body and affect the liver.

The incubation period is from 10 to 40 days, after which the first symptoms of the disease begin. Once having had jaundice, a person receives a stable immunity for life. Donors of blood such people can not be any more.

Symptoms of Botkin's Disease

Hepatitis A can occur in the body in several forms: mild (most cases), moderate (about 30%) and heavy (1-3%).

Depending on the form of the disease, the symptoms may also be different. Mainly:

1. Increased body temperature, lethargy, fatigue.
2. Nausea, vomiting, frustration.
3. Pain in the liver. When probed, this organ is markedly enlarged.
4. Disturbed sleep, lack of appetite.
5. There may be a runny nose and a cough.
6. The skin and shells of the eyes acquire a characteristic yellowish color. The icteric period lasts from three to six weeks.
7. The urine becomes dark, the feces, on the contrary, become discolored.

Often, signs of the disease are perceived as a common cold (flu, ARVI), and not for Botkin's disease. Symptoms worsen, jaundice appears, and only then patients turn to the doctor.

On average, the disease lasts for about forty days. The course of the disease depends on age, immunity, concomitant diseases and methods of treatment.

It is difficult for the infection to be tolerated by one-year-old children and elderly people. Therefore, everyone should know what Botkin is, how it is transmitted and what symptoms it has. After all, often the disease affects whole families. Timely diagnosis can save you from severe forms of the disease.

Complications after hepatitis A

Hepatitis A, in contrast to other forms of it, is completely curable. After therapy, liver function is restored. People acquire lifelong immunity.

In rare cases, Botkin's disease causes health problems. Causes, symptoms of complications can be associated only with non-compliance with prescriptions of the doctor, violation of bed rest and malnutrition.

Patients may complain of continued pain, vomiting for another two months after therapy. This is normal, do not panic.

Minimize the complications and consequences of hepatitis can with the help of proper dietary nutrition.

1. Food should be eaten in small portions, but often.
2. During illness, a person loses a large amount of vitamins, so it is necessary to fill them. In the diet should be fresh vegetables, fruits, juices, dairy products.
3. It is forbidden to eat fatty, salty, smoked, pickled and spicy foods.
4. Welcome to "unloading" days. For this, dairy products, vegetables and fruits are good.
5. Fans of alcoholic beverages will have to give them up for a while.
6. All food products must undergo careful processing.

How to treat Botkin's disease?

First of all, to establish an accurate diagnosis, you should contact the hospital. Only a doctor, after examination and delivery of all tests can give an opinion to the patient. Given that Botkin's disease symptoms are not always pronounced, it is impossible to talk about the presence of infection in the body without additional diagnosis. For research, it is necessary: blood (general and biochemical analysis is performed), urine and feces. If antibodies of class M were detected in biomaterials, this indicates the presence of infection in the body. Antibodies of class G - immunity to the disease.

Determine how to treat Botkin's disease, symptoms. Treatment of mild and moderate forms of the disease can be done at home. The main thing is the bed rest and diet. An important role is played by drinking, which is necessary to reduce intoxication. Therapy of severe forms of hepatitis A is carried out permanently, in infectious units.

To improve the performance of the liver, in addition to vitamins, specific preparations such as "Gepabene", "Essentiale" can be prescribed.

Diet № 5 with liver disease

It's no secret that proper and healthy food is the best assistant in the fight against diseases and infections. For each type of disease, there are the schemes of therapeutic nutrition developed by the Soviet dietician Mikhail Pevzner.

Diet No. 5 is designed specifically to improve liver function. The essence of the diet is to limit the consumption of fatty and harmful foods. So, for the time of illness you need to exclude:

1. Smoked, fatty, marinades, pickles and offal.
2. Fresh pastries and confectionery.
3. Spicy condiments and spices.
4. Carbonated drinks, strong coffee and alcohol.

Permitted by:

1. Bread yesterday, dried flour products.
2. Cereals, soups, cereals.
3. Vegetables fruits.
4. Dairy products with low fat content.
5. Lean meat and broth.
6. Teas, juices, coffee with milk.
7. Vitamins.

Cooking is better for a couple. So many useful microelements are stored.

Symptoms of Botkin's Disease in Children

Botkin's disease refers to acute intestinal infections. Infectious diseases can be caused through food, water, as well as from infected patients.

The incubation period averages 28 days, after which the disease itself begins, which consists of three stages: the pre-jaundice, icteric and the period of recovery. Symptoms of each period - their own.

At the first stage of the illness the child becomes very moody, loses his appetite. Sleep may be disturbed, the temperature may rise. There is nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. This period is also characterized by the appearance of a cough and runny nose.

Symptoms of Botkin's disease in adults and children are at first the same and can often be mistaken for another disease (for example, the flu). When the icteric period begins, the patient's condition improves. However, yellowness appears on the ocular membranes and skin. There may also be pain in the liver. At this time, the patient begins to perceive the symptoms of Botkin's disease correctly and seeks help from a doctor.

The period of recovery is characterized by a gradual fading of all symptoms. The liver functions are restored, the patient's condition is stabilized. Sometimes nausea and pain can persist for a month or two after recovery.

Considering how difficult the Botkin disease can be, how the causative agent is transmitted - it is better to make the treatment in hospitals. This, in particular, refers to families with young children or elderly people.

Botkin's disease and pregnancy

Botkin's disease is a very dangerous disease for expectant mothers. If most people suffering from hepatitis A, suffer an easy and medium form of the disease, then pregnant women are almost always sick with a severe form.

Botkin's disease during pregnancy is the cause of liver dystrophy. Infection also penetrates the placenta to the child. Children born from infected mothers often have different vices and pathologies. The very same woman can die during childbirth. All because the disease affects the coagulability of the blood. Cesarean section is contraindicated.

At all stages of pregnancy, the cause of miscarriages, premature births and stillborn children is Botkin's disease. Symptoms, treatment and signs of Botkin's disease should be known to every woman. Proper preventive measures will help her to protect herself from the sad consequences of this ailment during pregnancy.

Prevention of hepatitis A

Of all types of hepatitis, it is most easy to prevent infection with hepatitis A (Botkin's disease), which is transmitted by the fecal-oral route. To do this, it is enough to observe the rules of personal hygiene, as well as educate people about this disease.

Symptoms of Botkin's disease may be different, but the main ones are jaundice, vomiting, headaches and diarrhea. If people applied for help in a timely manner, it is possible that the number of patients would be significantly reduced. After the incubation period of hepatitis A lasts long enough, and all this time the person is already the carrier of the pathogen.

To protect yourself and loved ones from this ailment, you should follow such simple rules:

1. Always and everywhere you need to wash your hands with soap.
2. Carefully handle food. Vegetables and fruits should be washed only under running water.
3. Water from the tap is best boiled. Bacteria-pathogens are resistant to water, and boiling kills them in minutes.
4. Food should be bought in specialized stores, not in spontaneous markets.
5. If possible, it is better to get an inoculation against hepatitis A.

Be healthy!

"Botkin's disease, symptoms, treatment, complications" is a topic everyone should familiarize with. The cause of many diseases and infections is ignorance!

When a person is informed, he or she immediately consults a doctor, then there will be less complications. It should be remembered that severe forms of hepatitis A can cause cirrhosis and liver cancer, although this happens very rarely.