Presidents of Ukraine in order. The first president of Ukraine. The new president of Ukraine

December 8, 1991 will be remembered all over the world thanks to a meeting in Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Belarus, where an agreement was signed on the withdrawal of the three Slavic republics from the USSR and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Since that moment, an active geopolitical change has begun, which is sadly affecting all its members to this day. Let's look at what the presidents of Ukraine were like. There were five in order, but some people try to argue with this, so it's necessary to understand this issue.

Probably, it was worth starting with the person who directly signed the agreement on withdrawal from the USSR. On the part of Ukraine it was Leonid Kravchuk, but we will return to him , but in order not to disfigure the chronology of events, it is necessary to mention such a person as Mikhail Grushevsky. The first president of Ukraine performed a very important role and had to cope with a lot of problems. They were Leonid Kravchuk, and Grushevsky once served as head of the Central Rada. Speaking in modern language, he was a speaker, because such a position as the president, just did not exist. This was stated in the draft Constitution, which was approved by the Central Rada on April 29, 1918. Nevertheless, the personality for Ukraine is quite significant - even on 50 Ukrainian hryvnia depicts his portrait. During the revolution, this scientist and historian stood at the helm of the hastily created authority, in fact, in the same way he was overthrown (with the help of the revolution). In fact, for Ukraine this way of changing power is quite popular and to this day, practically all the presidents of Ukraine have been changed in this way in order.

independence Day

The Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR in 1991 on August 24 adopted an act in which Ukraine was proclaimed independent. Initially, Ukraine's Independence Day was announced on July 16 (but the following year, in 1992, it was decided to change it on August 24). Soon more than 90% of the votes of all the participants in the voting were given for independence in the referendum. Already on December 1, 1991 an independent state held the first direct election of the president of Ukraine, in which Leonid Makarovich Kravchuk received more than 61% of the vote.

Kravchuk is praised in the same way as he is criticized. Negative assessment is mainly due to the fact that he was waiting for immediate decisions, immediate "rejection" from Russia and minimal interrelationships, both economic and political. But thanks to his phenomenal ability to maneuver between opposing political forces, he managed to keep the Crimea as the future autonomous republic, which was part of Ukraine. As the first president of Ukraine Kravchuk himself said, he tried to do everything so that Ukraine would get its independence peacefully, without bloodshed.

The first president's way: inauguration

Kravchuk was not always a cunning politician and skilful president, Leonid Makarovich's childhood and adolescence before party work were very difficult. He himself used to remember about 50 grams of halva, donated by his mother to him on his birthday, or about self-made wooden skates. Then he lived in a university hostel with 12 guys, but all the hardships were successfully left behind after receiving the diploma and moving to the Chernivtsi Financial College in order to teach political economy in 1958. With party work in 1991 everything became much better, and it's easier to live.

The first president of Ukraine becomes lawful only after the inauguration. For Leonid Kravchuk and his team, this was a very important task, as it was the first time. Naturally, it was necessary to swear an oath on the Constitution of the time, but together with this it was suggested to take an oath in the Peresopnytsia Gospel, as it was at that time the most ancient shrine of Ukraine. Due to the fact that at that time the hymn was not yet created, a choir was invited who performed "God the Great, the One, Save Ukraine for Us". Thus, the official part was completed, and the first president of Ukraine officially took office.

The second president

Leonid Makarovich's presidency lasted for a relatively short time, and already in July 1994, in the second round, he lost to former Prime Minister Leonid Danilovich Kuchma. The expression "what we have, do not appreciate, and lost - crying" can be fully attributed to the second presidential candidate of Ukraine. The list of his achievements is large enough that the Ukrainian people could be fully proud and literally "bored" for it. At the same time, the list of his failures also "looms like a thorn in the eye", so there are opponents of his policy.

Achievements and failures

For ten years of his tenure as head of state (meanwhile this is the longest term of all), President Kuchma was able to prevent "crazy" inflation, since after the collapse of the USSR Ukraine was in a very deep economic hole. The President has become a real lifeline for a market economy in the modern world of Ukrainian relations on the world stage. Thanks to its reforms, the country did not sink to the very bottom of the economy.

In 1996, a permanent and stable monetary unit was introduced, which was called the hryvnia. According to experts, this also contributed to the strengthening of the country's economy. Leonid Danilovich did not hide that he was heading for the EU, but at the same time he was in no hurry to sever the close relationship with Russia, as evidenced by numerous treaties. Among these was the so-called Big Treaty, which stipulated cooperation between the countries on a number of key industries and directions, which was primarily beneficial to Ukraine itself, making it a full-fledged player on the world stage.

But there are some "unworthy" deeds for Kuchma, some unproven, and those that are proven simply "hushed up." Among those, it is possible to note the order about the murder of journalist G. Gongadze, who disliked Kuchma, that he "dug under him" and had an impressive enough dirt that could create serious problems for the then president. On this, Kuchma's accusations did not end, and already in 2004 the people were indignant, as the Krivorozhstal plant was sold to his son-in-law Victor Pinchuk. In the time of Kuchma, corruption and oligarchy began to flourish. Further - there are a lot of criminal cases in the theft of public funds and an attempt to change the constitution, in order to stay for a third term. But nothing happened, in the end - the next presidential election, which is won by Viktor Yanukovych.

Viktor Yanukovych and the Orange Revolution

In the presidential elections of 2004, the future president of Ukraine Yanukovych wins. And everything would be fine, that's just it served to organize a mass campaign of protests that took place in the Ukrainian capital Kiev, on Independence Square. The revolution, later called "orange", was organized by supporters of Viktor Yushchenko, due to the announcement of the central election commission of the results, over which Viktor Yanukovych won. They allegedly differed greatly from these excit-poll data and served as a podidom for the decision to re-run the second round, which at that time managed to be christened "the third." It is worth noting that this revolution served as a further surge of such color revolutions in Georgia, Turkey, and now China. So, the third round showed that Victor Yushchenko, despite the fact that congratulations on his appointment to the presidency, Viktor Yanukovych has already begun to receive from the heads of such states as Russia and Belarus.

Thus, if some remote Western countries were not interested in Ukraine or did not even know where this country is, then after the revolution it became world famous. Meanwhile, January 23, 2005, Viktor Yushchenko swore allegiance to the Peresopnytsia Gospel and the Constitution of Ukraine, like all presidents of Ukraine (in order, he was the third). After that, he went to the square and pronounced the victorious speech.

Victor Yushchenko

During his tenure, Viktor Yushchenko showed himself to be a supporter of rapprochement with America, NATO and the EU. During his presidency, there was a very strong disruption of all ties with Russia: spiritual, political, economic. He wanted to pay Russia's debt for gas, in order to conduct a conversation from the position of the owner of the Black Sea basin and stay in it the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation.

The President of Ukraine, Yushchenko, having reached the chair of the head of state and having received full power, being still under the euphoria of the Orange Revolution, instantly removes all the people from the previous posts from the previous posts and replaces them with those who moved along with him. Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko was ordered to dissolve the parliament. This was done by Yushchenko to prepare his people for parliamentary seats. At this time, there is a split in the "orange coalition". The political crisis is growing, against this background the scandal with Gazprom is inflaming. Thus, the president does not manage to cope with the crisis in the country, and in the meantime, oppositionists Viktor Yanukovych (Party of Regions) and Pyotr Simonenko ("Communist Party of Ukraine") together with Yulia Tymoshenko ("Fatherland") demand impeachment of the president.

Yulia Tymoshenko and her team began to "untwist" the shadow schemes of Yushchenko, it became known a lot of interesting facts about the appropriation of a large amount of public funds through privatization and front companies, for example, "Rosukrenergo". During his reign, Yushchenko managed to distribute a huge number of awards and orders for dubious merits to virtually all of his relatives.

After a while, it becomes clear that there is no sense in impeachment of the president, since his rating is rather low (despite the fact that he hoped to run for a second term), due to the fact that not far off the elections for which there has already been an outline Yulia Tymoshenko and her main opponent are Viktor Yanukovich.

Return

In 2010, at the upcoming presidential elections, almost no one doubted that the new president of Ukraine would be Viktor Yanukovych. The elections were also held in two rounds. As expected, the leaders of the "Party of Regions" and "Fatherland" agreed. Thus, already on February 14, after the vote count, it became clear that Viktor Yanukovych won. During the inauguration of the president, there were several interesting cases that could not escape the attention of journalists and opponents of Viktor Fedorovich. While the future president of Ukraine Yanukovych was preparing for his inauguration, two days before the monument to the founders of Kiev due to corrosion of metal fell the figures of Horeb and Shchek (Kiy, Shchek, Horyv - the founders of Kiev). Some of these cases have been linked to the upcoming acceptance of the post in the Verkhovna Rada. But this is not the only funny incident. At a time when the future president was visiting the parliament building, the door suddenly began to close before him.

Promised achievements

Like all previous presidents, Yanukovych's rule began with the creation of a vertical of persons surrounded by the president. He urged his opponents to "bury the hatchet of war" for productive work. At the same time, the political persecution of Yulia Tymoshenko and Yuriy Lutsenko began, which were later convicted and sentenced to prison terms by various articles. Naturally, Viktor Fyodorovich persuaded everyone that there was no political implication in this, but it was hard to believe in it.

As for President Yanukovych, it can not be said that during his reign he did not achieve any results. The problem was that, unlike all previous presidents, he had a specific course not for strengthening ties with the West, but for developing relations with Russia, something that was not particularly liked by "pro-European" politicians. As a result, the next presidential election in Ukraine is taking place against the backdrop of a new revolution.

The Revolution Again

Already in late 2013 - early 2014 we get a European revolution or a "Revolution of Dignity", where the old and new leaders of the "Maidan" decided to rally to change the power with the help of a coup. They get it - and as a result, Yanukovych fled the country. In the conditions of the beginning war, regular elections are being prepared, and there are rumors that Poroshenko is the president of Ukraine.

Petro Poroshenko

Virtually no one doubted that one of the active leaders of the Maidan would become president. As for Poroshenko, many people know him not as a politician, but more as a businessman, the owner of the famous confectionery company Roshen. Virtually everything except Petro Poroshenko, were technical candidates for the presidency of Ukraine. The list was very diverse. In the candidates for the presidency, even Darth Vader, a candidate from the "Internet Party of Ukraine", even took the methyl, but was withdrawn at the last moment. The Crimea did not participate in the vote, as at that time its residents voted in a referendum for joining the Russian Federation, and, naturally, the eastern regions of Ukraine - Donetsk and Lugansk regions - because of ongoing military operations in these regions. The inauguration of Ukrainian President Poroshenko, like Yanukovych, also did not happen without interesting moments. While Poroshenko was walking along the red carpet to the Verkhovna Rada, one soldier from the guard of honor apparently received a heat stroke, which caused him to drop his arms and almost fainted. At the same time, the future president passed by, as if not noticing this.

It is still too early to talk about specific cases, since in fact, during military operations in the east of Ukraine it is very difficult to give an adequate assessment of Poroshenko. The President of Ukraine, as usual, says that the treasury is plundered, and we have to resort to unpopular measures in order to boldly look into the bright future.

These were all the presidents of Ukraine in order, starting from the first and ending with the extreme (a bad omen to say "last"). We can sincerely believe only that on this the presidential epic of Ukraine, which for quite a short period of its independence could survive several revolutions and as many as five presidents, will be over, and the country will have a strong leader. No matter what course the new president of Ukraine, Western or Russian, will follow, it is important only that the residents of the country feel secure and safe, that pensioners have a decent pension, and ordinary people have a salary. But in order to achieve this, it is necessary to exert maximum efforts, and although much depends on the very personality of the president, do not forget about the people in his entourage who should also be interested not only in their own well-being, but also in the well-being of their people. This is the fundamental goal of any self-respecting politician, let alone the president of an independent country.