Camouflage: types and colors of camouflage countries of the world, photos, names of colors

Mankind has always been interested in questions of disguise. Increased attention to this topic was caused by the instinct of self-preservation. The ability to merge with the terrain with the help of branches and grass attached to the body guaranteed a successful hunt, as a result - a person could feed himself. Over time, the art of disguise has become very popular in military affairs. The ability to dissolve, not stand out, saved the life now and soldier.

Army camouflage. Start

The history of the development of camouflage drawings is only a few dozen years. This is quite enough that after a short period of time, thanks to the intense activity of military developers, there was a huge variety of camouflage suits that can hide a person on any terrain.

The very first colors of camouflage appeared in the nineteenth century. Soldiers of England during the Anglo-Boer War wore uniforms of bright red color. For the Boers, who already had the experience of camouflage, they were too noticeable on the terrain. As a result, Great Britain suffered heavy losses of personnel. Therefore, the leadership of the country was replaced by red uniforms for special marsh clothes - "khaki".

The second state, whose army began to use camouflage, was Germany. The colors of the camouflage of the German personnel numbered thirty variants. Preference was given to the very first, "fragmentation" pattern. This name was given to camouflage because its design was chaotically scattered colored geometric figures of various sizes. "Fragment" version of camouflage first began to be used by the German army in the First World War. Since the debut of this camouflage suit went well, the Wehrmacht soldiers used it in World War II as well. At the same time, they began camouflaging helmets and armored vehicles.

Soviet development of army camouflage suits

During the Soviet period, the Higher School of Military Masking and the State Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences were formed in 1919 to solve all the issues related to camouflage patterns and colors. This work attracted outstanding scientists - SM Vavilov, VV Sharonov, and others. Thanks to fundamental scientific research, camouflage colors have been developed that make it possible to visually dissect the silhouette of a person. This effect of the camouflage suit was achieved by combining a unified deforming pattern, which was a collection of large amoeboid-shaped spots with a baggy form of camouflage clothing. Such a combination "broke" the silhouette of a man, scattered the contours of his figure. This effect is typical for military camouflage suits of the Soviet era. The ability to diffuse outlines of the silhouette distinguished these patterns from hunting options, for which the main goal is to "merge" the object with the surrounding terrain.

Soviet developers paid special attention to the correct selection of colors for the design of amoeba-like spots. This took into account the seasons and characteristic features of the environment. So, for the typical color of the terrain (grass-green) in the summer season, spots of dark and black colors are ideal. For the autumn pore is characterized by a yellow or dirty brown background. For him, Soviet technologists have picked up dark brown deforming spots.

Maskirovku was subject to both personnel and military equipment.

In 1927, the Soviet developers of camouflage clothing supplied the military with camouflage of domestic production. It is a winter suit of white and a summer hoodie of brown color.

Post-war development of army camouflage

After the Second World War, the development of camouflage suits went at an accelerated pace. Military developers of camouflage drawings, having considerable experience, realized that camouflage colors for the army should be selected taking into account the terrain, as they can not be universal and suitable for any environment. Masking is much more effective in cases when it is chosen as a certain type of terrain on which the fighting is conducted, and for the season.

What are the colors of camouflage? The photos presented in the article will allow you to orient in this matter. The options, as you can see, are really mass.

The Central Research and Development Institute named after Karbyshev developed the best military camouflage in the world. The colors of these camouflage suits, despite their not very attractive appearance, are ideal for our geographical latitude.

Camouflage during the Cold War

To the choice of camouflage patterns, the developers of different countries come up in their own way. This is due to the different types of terrain. Military technologists developing camouflage suits for the army of a particular country take into account the fact that each kind of army needs its own camouflage. Over time, it can be modified and improved. The years of the Cold War are considered to be one of the most fruitful periods in the history of the art of camouflage. At this time, special attention was paid to the development of camouflage.

Types and colors of the countries of the world

• Europe and America. During the Cold War, a camouflage "forest" was created here. It is ideal for working in forest and deciduous types of terrain.
• Central Asia and North Africa. The army of these states uses the kind of camouflage suit "desert".

• Southeast Asia. Military use camouflage "jungle". It is ideal for tropical latitudes.
• South Africa. The country's army has very few options for camouflage suits. This is due to the uniformity of the terrain, on which the camouflage cloak "bush" is very effective.

Colors of camouflage in Russia

KZM-P - until recently the most common in Russia camouflage. The coloring of the "birch" is its second name, better known than the official one. The pattern has several more names: "gold" and "silver leaf", "sunny bunny", "border guard". The principle of the pattern is to dissipate the contour of a person by simulating the play of light in the figure. Initially developed back in the Soviet era, it was widely used by special units of the KGB, paratroopers and border guards.

It was a classic Russian version of camouflage, because it was ideally suited for the latitudes of the USSR. But over time, after discoveries in the field of camouflage art, the color of Russian camouflage has undergone changes and in its original version no longer occurs. The appeared "clones" refer to commercial variants and have their own circle of admirers among hunters, fishermen and fans of airsoft.

NATO option

One of the most common camouflage used by European armies is Woodland (American-made). Since 1980, when this camouflage was released, and currently it is considered to be the best in Europe and the USA. His popularity led to the emergence of "clones" and their distribution around the world. Woodland is a pattern in the form of blurring spots of two colors: brown and black. They are located on a light and dark green background. The disadvantage of this camouflage is manifested after its wetness. In the wet state it turns black and becomes noticeable. Recently, the original classic version of Woodland camouflage is obsolete. This was the reason for its improvement. So there were his variations:

• Basic - General.
• Woodland-lowland camouflage (for lowland areas) - it is characterized by the predominance of a green hue.
• Woodland-highland - an option used for activities in the mountains (it is dominated by a brown shade, the color of the mountains).
• Intermediate sample - Woodland-delta. Used by NATO troops. The countries belonging to the Alliance adopted the main idea of this camouflage pattern and in their country apply similar variations. This is because the armed forces of each state should have their own distinctive camouflage.

The principle of matching camouflage pattern

The main criterion in the design of the color scale and its saturation is human vision. In the process of creating the color scheme, the property of the brain is taken into account to isolate the contours of objects and to recognize them. There is a process of identification. The smallest representations about contours are enough, that the human brain receives information about the object seen. With the help of the displaced corners of the picture and the corresponding coloring, there is a distortion of perception and identification - this is the main task that the camouflage suit performs. This principle is applicable for the manufacture of all types of camouflage clothing - military and hunting. At the same time, camouflage designers designed specific patterns for each camouflage pattern, their shapes, sizes and degree of contrast of nearby drawing elements. They can be large or small. The application of spots or stripes is made at an angle of 30 or 60 degrees relative to the visual contours of the object.

Commercial version of camouflage

Masking clothes are applicable not only in military affairs. On hunting or fishing properly matched camouflage is also indispensable. Camouflage color variations, which are not used for tailoring army camouflage suits, have been used in the manufacture of commercial camouflage products. Suits that for some reason were not put into service by the country's army are actively used by private militarized structures - security firms, hunters and amateurs of tactical games. Camouflage for this category of consumers are produced by private companies in individual factories. Their products are suits, the colors of which are very similar to the army versions. But they have one difference - colors in such products can be less or, conversely, more (a few additional ones are added).

The color of camouflage "moss"

Hunting is conducted in forest and field conditions. In case hunting is planned in the forest, the choice of a camouflage suit depends on what kind of forest it is - deciduous or coniferous. The solution to the problem will be the purchase of camouflage "moss". His drawing contains green and sandy-brown colors, ideally copying this plant. This suit has two options:

• Summer. It is used in the warm season. The lightweight natural fabric of the suit is well ventilated.
• Winter. Designed for wearing in cold periods. Unlike the summer sample, the shades on this camouflage are much darker. This is achieved through additional gray. Available in the summer version of the brown color is much darker. The costume is made on the principle of two-layer clothing and is considered a good protection against moisture and strong wind. In the winter kit includes a hood, which is attached to the zipper. This makes it possible to remove it quickly if necessary. Available on the hood "Velcro" can tightly cover the neck and head. Pockets are also equipped with special "Velcro", which prevents the loss of content when performing vigorous movements. In the lower part of the trousers there are ties. This makes it easy to tuck trousers into the boots, protects them from dust. Camouflage "moss" is used by fishermen, hunters and tourists.

Pixel drawings

The armies of many countries use digital camouflage. The name of these camouflage suits was obtained due to the presence of individual pixels that arise during digital computer processing. The work on the digital version was based on the peculiarity of the human eye to perceive surrounding objects as a continuous whole. Since there are no interrupted lines in nature, one small fragment is enough for the human brain, from which it further builds the entire image. Pixel patterns, having unnatural and unusual outlines, are used to reduce this ability of the brain to "complete" the missing fragments.

For the interruption of lines and contours, pixel camouflage was invented. The names of the colors of the "digital" camouflage suits are as follows:

• ACUPAT. Used to conduct military operations in urban conditions or stony deserts.
• CADPAT. Good for forest belts.
• "Digital Flora". It is used in forest area. Particularly effective if a person moves quickly. In this case, the eye is not able to focus on the object.

Masking for armored vehicles and aircraft

In addition to the protection of personnel, armored vehicles, military or strategic structures of the army and aviation are also concealed. The masking procedure by applying a camouflage pattern is not time consuming. This will be enough for several hours. The main thing is to follow the instructions: it is necessary to maintain the ratio of spots (their sizes and shades) inherent in each pattern. The pattern is only considered camouflage if it contains at least five bands or spots. In this case, they must be at least two colors.

In the army of the Russian Federation, aircraft disguise is practiced. For this purpose, two-color pixel patterns are used. Unlike Russian aviation, the US Air Force does not conduct such practices. US planes are mostly painted in a neutral gray color. This, according to US military analysts, helps aviation to dissolve, especially at long distances, while camouflage colors against the sky are more likely to attract attention.

Digital patterns are used in the coloring of strategically important military facilities by both the American and Russian Armed Forces.

The art of disguise at this time is especially important. Given the current level of armament development, the lack of camouflage or its defect can lead to serious losses of personnel.