Quality control systems in construction: basic principles

The sphere of construction is characterized by sufficient strict legislative regulation. There are a large number of norms and standards developed by state bodies and mandatory for use by the developer. However, in the conditions of a market economy, one can only follow them from the point of view of building an effective business model by a construction firm. The company should pay much attention to its own monitoring of the quality of work performed in addition to those requirements that are prescribed at the legislative level. What is the specificity of this line of activity of developers? What are the key criteria for assessing the quality of work in construction?

The essence of quality control systems in construction

Let's study for the beginning specificity of terminology within the framework of the topic in question. Organization of a quality control system for construction works - activities aimed at ensuring compliance of the developer and his partners with technical, economic and other standards adopted in the legislation or determined at the level of civil legal relations.

Under the quality of construction objects is understood as a list of their properties, determined based on the intended purpose of erected buildings or structures. In addition, the quality of construction can be assessed based on the provisions of regulatory sources of law, such as GOSTs. Where applicable, foreign standards may also be considered.

Classification of building quality levels

It is accepted to single out several levels of quality of the construction infrastructure objects. Consider them.

First, this is the normative level. Here construction control is carried out based on the compliance of the object parameters with the standards of GOSTs, TUs and others that are applied in the segment of economic activity to which the developer's work and its results are related.

Secondly, this is the actual level. It allows you to assess the quality of work in the construction proceeding from the available measurements on the fact of erection by the builder of a building or structure under a contract. Typically, the actual level depends on the extent to which the developer has met the criteria determined by the provisions of regulatory sources.

Thirdly, the so-called operational level of quality of construction objects is singled out. It involves an evaluation from the consumer point of view. Its presentation can be largely determined by the conformity of the quality of the building object to regulatory criteria, but a subjective approach is also possible. As a rule, in the contract between the developer and the customer, only normative indicators are fixed. Therefore, potentially low assessment of the performance of the first based on the performance characteristics of a building or structure, as a rule, has no legal consequences. But it can, of course, affect the prospects for concluding new contracts between the customer and the developer.

Comprehensive approach as a criterion of business performance

In modern companies, quality control systems in construction, as a rule, take into account the criteria at all 3 levels of performance evaluation firm. In what way is this expressed?

First of all, the subdivisions of the company-developer who are responsible for the quality of the erected buildings and structures, aim to ensure the maximum correspondence of the actual results of work to both regulatory requirements and the customer's expectations.

Increased attention is also paid to the preliminary study of the terms of the firm's contracts with partners for the desired quality criteria and methods for evaluating the developer's performance. As a rule, both sides are interested in this. Customer - from the point of view of obtaining a construction object that meets all the desired quality criteria. The developer - in terms of strengthening the positive relationship with the partner and the possibility of concluding new contracts with him.

Construction supervision

Monitoring of the quality of the developer's performance can be carried out within the framework of such activities as construction supervision. What is its essence?

Technical supervision in construction is carried out by competent organizations that carry out actions aimed at identifying compliance of certain stages of the developer's performance with regulatory requirements and other established criteria. In a number of cases, the activity in question can be related to the assessment of not only the quality of the product - at one stage or another of its production, but also the determination of the suitability of the materials used in construction, the assessment of the skill level of the employees of the building company. Everything depends on what formulations will include the provision on the system of quality control in construction - the main intracorporate document, which fixes the criteria for evaluating the results of the developer's work, as well as methods for their analysis.

But, as a rule, the most typical functions of supervisory structures are in determining the compliance of a finished building or in assessing the intermediate results of a developer's work on the basis of regulatory requirements. The activities of the relevant organizations can be sufficiently labor-intensive already at the very beginning of interaction with the construction firm. So, technical supervision can be connected to work on the object already at the design stage. Specialists of relevant institutions can take part in the development of documents related to design estimates, to the drawing up of a schedule of construction works. At the same time, many experts consider this stage to be one of the key, as, as we noted above, the actual level of quality of the developer's work results is largely predetermined by the firm following the standards. Which are largely fixed in design and estimate sources.

Thus, the functioning of the quality control system begins already at the time of drawing up documents used in construction. The extent to which these sources will be worked out in detail, largely determines the final result of the developer's works.

Normative documents in the evaluation of quality in construction

Since the normative aspect in construction control is one of the key, it will be useful to study the specifics of the documents in which those standards that are taken for quality assessment are fixed. It is customary to refer to sources of the appropriate type GOSTs, construction standards, design estimates, instructions, industry standards. As a rule, one or another source has a connection with others - at the level of the subject of regulation or interdependent provisions. It is important that the norms that are fixed in the sources adopted at the departmental or sectoral level do not contradict what is reflected in the federal legal acts.

What is the practical importance of regulatory sources?

Construction control involves the use of the provisions of the relevant ABA, firstly, because they are obligatory, and secondly, the developer can follow them, solving problems of a socio-economic nature, taking into account the environmental factor and other criteria that are not directly related to business, but important From the point of view of positioning the builder in the community.

The documents in question help the participants in the construction market solve such problems as:

- ensuring that the results of the work are consistent with the goals that were originally set;

- Stimulation of socially responsible construction in the city, the region, in some cases - at the federal level;

- Creation of a high level of reputation of the builder in the business community, in the sphere of interaction of the firm with government agencies, private individuals;

- assistance to the developer in raising the level of environmental friendliness of the works performed, in technological modernization of the activity;

- stimulating the improvement of quality control systems for construction projects in specific enterprises, in the business environment as a whole.

The objects of rationing in sources of standards and rules

The main objects of rationing in construction documentation are:

- organizational, technological, methodological rules and standards, which are necessary when carrying out works by the developer;

- Specific types of buildings and structures erected by construction firms;

- building materials and other types of industrial products used by developers in the process of work;

- socio-economic standards that determine the cost of construction, the investment attractiveness of the developer's field of activity, the prospects for ensuring employment of citizens in a particular enterprise or in the industry as a whole.

Let's consider in more detail the essence of those sources that are involved in assessing the quality of construction work.

Normative documents in the building control: classification

The documents in question are divided into the following main categories:

- federal sources of law;

- regional NRAs;

- territorial ABA;

- branch and local regulatory sources.

Quality control systems in construction, organized by modern businesses, require a consistent review of all types of these documents - each of them may be important in terms of an effective evaluation of the results of the developer. Let us study the characteristics of each type of source of norms in more detail.

Federal sources of norms

As far as federal sources of law are concerned, GOSTs and SNiPs are among them. As for state standards - they fix mandatory or recommended provisions that determine the parameters and properties of certain elements of buildings, building materials and designed to ensure a unified approach of real estate market participants to ensure the quality of work performed. SNiPs determine the requirements for construction firms to consider the work performed during the execution of contracts, as well as the key principles that developers should be guided by.

Another type of federal sources of norms, the following of which requires the organization of a quality control system for construction work, are codes of rules. Their specificity is that they fix mainly the recommended provisions for the developers to follow norms and standards.

Relevant sources, whose jurisdiction extends to the entire territory of the Russian Federation, are also governing documents. They fix both mandatory and recommended norms that regulate the application of certain rules and standards.

Regional NRAs

The implementation of construction control is also taking into account the provisions of regional NRAs. The main type of sources of law relating to the category under consideration is territorial norms in the sphere of construction. They contain provisions that are mandatory for use by firms operating in a specific subject of the Russian Federation. Territorial norms can take into account the peculiarities of the geographical location of construction sites, the socio-economic and climatic characteristics of the region, and therefore they are important for the quality control system in construction.

Sectoral and local sources of norms

Branch and local sources are another important type of document for the developer. These include, in particular, the standards of enterprises and public associations. They set the requirements for specific areas of production: for example, to regulate how the quality control system of electrical installation works in construction should work. Should not conflict with the provisions of federal and regional regulations.

Summary

Thus, the building documentation can include both mandatory and recommended rules and norms. Observing it is the most important criterion for building an effective business by a firm.

Quality control systems in construction, organized by developers, usually require a detailed analysis of the provisions of industry and local sources of norms, since they often affect how high is the assessment of the quality of the company's operation at the operational level, which determines in many ways Then, how much will the services of the company in the market be in demand.