Books by Omar Khayyam, poems, witty aphorisms and quotations

Omar Khayyam's books are to this day considered one of the best in the world literature. Many of his quotes are used in various life situations. After himself, Omar Khayyam, rubai (quatrains, were widely distributed in the Middle East), which are considered by many experts to be excellent, left a number of pupils.

Biography

Omar Khayyam Nishapuri is a mathematician, philosopher, astronomer and poet from Persia. Omar Khayyam's books are recognizable all over the world, but in history he is known not only as a writer. He left a significant trace in algebra. His contribution to mathematics can be attributed to the fact that he created a new way of solving cubic equations. To do this, he used tapered sections.

Of course, Omar Khayyam's books on the meaning of life, as well as love, are best known. He became famous in Iran and Afghanistan thanks to the created calendar, which was named the most accurate. Followers of Khayyam became famous scientists who were his students.

Childhood

Omar Khayyam appeared, whose rumor was read by almost everyone, on May 18, 1048. The birthplace is the city of Nishapur, which is located in one of the provinces of Iran. Omar Khayyam's books were interesting from early childhood, and since he was the only son in the family, his father tried to give him the best education. Papa Khayyama worked as a tent. Also in the family was a daughter who was called Aisha.

Already at the age of eight, the boy began to seriously take a great interest in philosophy, mathematics and astronomy. Despite his young age, he knew the Koran by heart completely.

At the age of twelve he began to study at a local madrasah (a Muslim school). Famous poetry about love Omar Khayyam has not yet begun to write. He studied very diligently and graduated from the course on Islamic law, as well as medicine, thus obtaining the qualification of a doctor.

Youth

Despite the fact that he became a doctor, Khayyam decided to continue further education. He began to study the work of many well-known mathematicians.

The early years of the philosopher, who later wrote the most witty aphorisms and quotations, fell at the time of the Seljuk conquest of Central Asia. In this period, a huge number of scientists died. Khayyam wrote about them in the foreword to one of his books when he began composing the rubayat.

Omar Khayyam at the age of sixteen lost his father and mother, who died during the epidemic. Having sold the house, as well as the workshop, the poet went to Samarkand. At that time, this city was the most developed in the scientific sense in the whole East. Here he continued his education in one of the Muslim schools. However, having acted several times in disputes, Omar attracted attention, and he decided to appoint a teacher.

Moves of Khayyam

However, in Samarkand, Omar Khayyam, who wrote the most ingenious aphorisms and quotations, was delayed for only four years. It must be said that at that time most of the scientists were in permanent relocations. The next stop was the city of Bukhara, where Khayyam began to work in the repository of books. Here he stayed for ten years and managed to create four treatises on mathematics, as well as some poems about love.

Omar Khayyam in 1074 received an offer to move to the city of Isfahan. He was invited by Melik-Shah I. Here he became the chief spiritual mentor of the Sultan. In addition, he was appointed director of the observatory, which was one of the largest in the world. It was at that moment that he began to study astrology in addition to mathematics and soon became famous enough in this position. Working with a group of other scientists, Khayyam developed a solar calendar that became more accurate than the Gregorian calendar. Later he created astronomical tables, which included a small catalog of stars.

In 1092 the Sultan died, who was the patron of Khayyam. Soon Omar was accused of freethinking, and he had to leave Isfahan. However, he continued to write poetry and rubayat.

Omar Khayyam: life after Isfahan

About the last periods of life Omar Khayyam knows quite a bit, as well as about his childhood and youth. According to some reports, he spent some time in Merv.

During these years he continued to write poetry about love and the meaning of life. However, that time for many, he became not only a famous mathematician and astrologer, but also an apostate. The philosophy and creations of Omar Khayyam seriously irritated the figures of Islam, and therefore his relationship with the clergy deteriorated significantly.

Because of disagreements, the scientist had to make long pilgrimages to Mecca. At that time he was already quite many years old. Moreover, at that time transitions to holy places could last for more than a month. In those years he stayed in Baghdad for a while.

According to al-Bayhaki, who was close to the poetry of the East, in his later years Khayyam had a bad temper, and less pleased with the works of his admirers.

Return to Nishapur

At some point in his life, Omar Khayyam decided to return to Nishapur. Here he was until the last days of his life. He rarely left it. At that time, Omar Khayyam was about seventy years old. According to some reports, he worked as a mentor at a local school and had a small circle consisting of students. They often met with philosophers and scientists, as well as arranged disputes. According to many scholars, Khayyam did not want to start a family. And in general, he did not like family life, he did not leave any children behind. After his life he left the "Garden of Love" and many other works.

last years of life

Omar Khayyam died on December 4, 1131. His last moments of life are known only from the words of one of his contemporaries. According to Beihaka, Khayyam felt a quick death while reading one of the books. At that time he was eighty years old. He put down the book and called his relatives and students to him and started drafting the will. After that, he did not eat any food or water. A few moments before his death, Omar Khayyam managed to read a prayer.

Scientific activity

Of course, many Omar Khayyam is known for such a product as "Love Potion: The Best Persian Lyrics." However, in addition to literature, he was very fruitful in scientific work.

Mathematics

Omar Khayyam has many works connected with mathematics. For example, "A Treatise on the Evidence of Algebra and Almucabala Problems" gives the qualification and solution of equations. The first sections represent methods for solving quadratic equations, which appeared even earlier. However, Omar Khayyam did not take into account the fact that the cubic equation can have three positive real roots. Nevertheless, he could not get to Cardano's formulas, but Khayyam believed that in the future a solution would be found.

In the introduction to this work, the scientist gave a definition of algebra. This concept is one of the first in history and gives an idea of this science.

"Comments on difficulties in the introduction of the book of Euclid" - one of the most important works of Omar Khayyam. He finished writing in 1077. The work includes three books. The first was devoted to the original direct, and the second and third - the theory of relationships and proportions. In the first book he introduced the V postulate of Euclid, but replaced it with a simpler equivalent.

All the works written by Omar Khayyam, have made an invaluable contribution to mathematics. Many treatises helped followers discover new laws and postulates.

Astronomy

During his life in Isfahan, Khayyam ruled a whole group of scientists. In those days, this city acted as a leading place in scientific development. Melik Shah allocated a lot of money for the needs of science. That period in the history of the Seljuk state can be called the best.

For five years of research, Omar Khayyam was able to compile a new calendar, which was very specific. Its official adoption took place in 1079. The main purpose of this calendar was to link the day of the beginning of the year to the time of the vernal equinox. He began to wear the name "Jalali" in honor of the Sultan. The duration of the month in this calendar could be from twenty-nine to thirty-two days. Everything depended on the entry of the sun into a certain zodiacal sign. It was also proposed to change the names of months and days, but such an innovation did not take root, and the names corresponded to the current sign of the zodiac.

At the time of Omar Khayyam's life, the Julian calendar was applied in Europe . From an astrological point of view, he was less precise. The calendar created by Omar Khayyam was more accurate even than the Gregorian calendar, which was used in Europe later. It more closely corresponded to the year of the spring equinoxes.

The work of Omar Khayyam became the basis for the creation of a new Iranian calendar, which began to operate since 1079. In the same year he compiled a catalog that included a list of one hundred stars.

Rubai

During his lifetime Omar Khayyam was known as a great scientist. However, all the time he wrote poems, in which he described his attitude towards man, love, knowledge, and so on. Fans of Eastern poetry translated aphorisms and quotations into many languages. However, often poets attributed their works to Omar Khayyam. And the number of works that appeared under the name of Khayyam, was constantly growing. In the twentieth century, the number of works attributed to the Persian scholar exceeded five thousand.

Many poems were written under the name of Khayyam to avoid persecution for freethinking. As a result, it is very difficult to understand how much the quatrain actually wrote, Omar Khayyam. Many experts express the opinion that, perhaps, the Persian scholar did not write poetry. Some researchers suggest that Omar Khayyam wrote from three hundred to five hundred rubai.

For a fairly long period of time, they forgot about him. Only after 1800 the records of Omar Khayyam came to the poet from Great Britain, who took up their translation. Soon, rubas won enormous popularity among readers. Thanks to the verses, all the works of the Persian scientist again attracted attention.

Aphorisms, quotes and poems

After centuries of work, Omar Khayyam could gain immense popularity among readers. It is difficult to single out certain definite verses.

To highlight, perhaps, you can quote data of Omar Khayyam:

• One chorus of my Wisdom:
  "Life is short, - so give her the will!"
  It's clever to cut trees,
  But to cut yourself off is far too stupid! "
• What is there, behind the dilapidated curtain of Darkness
  In guesswork, minds became entangled.
  When the curtain collapses with a crash,
  We will see everything, as we were mistaken.