Beet harvesters: types, purpose, characteristics

Beet harvesters - agricultural machines for harvesting sugar and fodder beet for its further processing in production. This technique is equipped with high-precision attachments and functional processing systems. Thanks to the presence of integrated units, the beet harvester is able to independently process the harvested crop and send the prepared raw materials to the enterprises for further processing. These are machines with a load-bearing frame on a pneumatic wheel drive and complex attachments, which allow to collect, clean and produce the primary processing of beets.

Types of beet harvesters

Beet harvesting can be carried out according to two different schemes, depending on the type of beet harvester:

• Tearing type. In this process, the roots are extracted from the soil with a botanical tethering method. Then the tops are cut already in the car. This kind of beet harvesters in modern agriculture is gradually abandoned.
• Beet harvesters with a preliminary cut of the tops. The scheme of work of such machines is the following: first cut off the knives under the root of the tops, and the roots themselves are extracted by a special cop. According to this scheme of beet harvesting , most modern machines work.

Beet harvesters can be self-propelled or trailed type. The latter option, which is cheaper and less productive, does not have complex systems, it is used mainly in small sowing areas. In modern agriculture, self-propelled machinery is increasingly preferred. These machines are more efficient, do not require the use of large personnel, additional equipment and are able to perform a range of work.

Specifications

Modern sugar beet harvesters, trailed or self-propelled, have different technical characteristics depending on the model and modifications that are adapted for certain conditions. When choosing a model, the characteristics are selected in accordance with the volume of the harvest, the nature of the soil, and the harvesting conditions. High-performance diesel engines with a volume of at least 7 liters and more than 250 liters are installed on the agricultural combine. from. The power of the installed power unit depends on the operating conditions, from ordinary to complex, in addition, it must provide optimal traction characteristics. For working in harsh conditions using large trailing mechanisms, special versions of combine harvesters with an increased wheel chassis and engines with a capacity of more than 500 liters are used. from. On modern models automatic systems of regulation of number of turns of the engine depending on loading on working bodies are established. The average weight of sugar beet harvesters varies between 12,000 kg. The characteristics of the hinged systems can vary from the type and the ability to upgrade. The amount of fuel consumed individually depends on the manufacturer and model. Transmission and gearbox are selected taking into account the operating conditions and loading rate.

Peculiarities of beet harvesting equipment construction

According to the classification, the beet harvesting machine is a heavy all-wheel drive vehicle with a pneumatic travel and a hydraulic transmission. Each unit is equipped with a conveyor belt, a receiving hopper, a processing unit with special knives for trimming the surplus. Depending on the size, lifting ladders can be fitted on the combine frame to facilitate operation and ease of maintenance. Industrial beet harvesters are manufactured on the basis of a powerful bearing frame, to which the leading bridges are attached. The operator's cabin is located on a high platform in the front of the machine, which significantly increases visibility during operation. A special feature of special equipment is the fastening of the front working element with a system of knives, grippers and rollers directly to the frame with rigid fixation.

Additional devices

Beet harvesting by the combine can be made with installation of various types of hinged and trailed devices. This equipment is complementary to the main working one and is aimed at increasing the overall productivity of the beet harvesting equipment in a certain work area and reducing harvesting time. As additional devices are used additional receiving hoppers or bins of increased volume, trailers for transportation of beets. The installation of reinforced wide knives allows to cover a large area in one pass. In winter, additional starting devices are used.

Management Features

Multifunctional beet harvesters are equipped with modern adaptive control systems, which greatly facilitate the work of the operator-driver. Monitoring devices allow you to monitor any changes in the operation of equipment, the status of the main nodes and, if necessary, change the operating mode or in time to carry out maintenance. For the management of technology enough skills and training on other machines of this class. In the management of modern beet harvesting machines, a number of key features can be singled out: simplicity and informative control, high motor resource, ease of maintenance, multifunctionality, a large selection of additional equipment.

Leading manufacturers

A large number of different agricultural machinery is represented on the world market, including beet harvesting. Beet harvesters of different brands and manufacturers have individual features and are adapted for different working conditions and a certain consumer. Among the most popular manufacturers can be identified: Ropa, Kleine, Holmer, Caterpillar, Agrifac, Beetliner. The greatest demand is for universal harvesters with fastening mechanisms for additional attachments. This multifunctional equipment makes it possible to save the agricultural producer funds and reduce the cost of production.

Features of the Ropa technique

German agricultural machinery manufacturers Ropa annually present new design solutions. Beet harvester "Ropa" is economical in terms of fuel consumption with active harvesting of root crops. In the functionality of these machines even there is a special economical mode of operation. Reducing fuel consumption, in turn, allows the agricultural producer to reduce the cost of production. To work on large areas under crops and difficult conditions, the Ropa combine can be equipped with additional units of impressive dimensions. To increase the efficiency of harvesting the agricultural machinery of this German manufacturer is equipped with stumpers with the ability to operate in rows of different widths and a function of controlled cutting of the tops. In addition, a special trolley for transportation of wide-spread attachments along the roads has been developed for the Ropa harvesters. This device is easily operated on corners and descents. The trolley is equipped with a braking system.

Features of the Kleine technique

German beet harvester Klein is distinguished by its advanced technical characteristics. The entire line of beet harvesting equipment of this manufacturer is characterized by a large capacity of a receiving hopper, a multifunctional attachments. Thanks to the successful placement of wheeled bridges, the Kleine harvesters are distinguished by a short base, which significantly increases the permeability of the machine in the field. Most models of this brand are equipped with wider front tires. The driver's cab is located in the center of the carrier frame, which provides better visibility and a sense of the dimensions of the machine.

Contents and breakdown of the combine

Virtually all machines for beet harvesting have weak points in the construction, which can provoke the appearance of malfunctions. The content of harvesters mainly depends on its type and model. Modern imported samples, due to the presence of complex electronic, pneumatic and hydraulic systems are quite demanding in the maintenance and maintenance. For such a technique, the maintenance schedule is mandatory. Domestic cars are less whimsical. Their insignificant repair and replacement of consumables is successfully carried out in garages. One of the common mistakes in the maintenance and repair of both domestic and foreign equipment is the use of non-original consumables and spare parts. All technical work must be carried out in specialized garages with the use of high-precision equipment by qualified specialists.