Homeliness, Building
Autonomous heating of a private house: which type to choose. The scheme of independent heating of a private house
Living in your own home has undoubted advantages that can not be overestimated. At the same time, the owner is obliged to create safety and comfort. To maintain the necessary temperature in the premises it is necessary to autonomously heat the private house. If earlier it was sufficient for a small room to heat a conventional oven, then in modern conditions it is not always suitable. Depending on the heated areas, appropriate energy carriers and devices for their use are required. For a dacha, a solid fuel boiler is perfectly suitable. He can even be of his own making, so that you can admire the open flame in the evenings. So do many summer residents who prefer exotic solutions. In the case of a country house everything depends on its attendance and the location of a number of energy sources. The necessary comfort will be provided by the independent gas heating of a private house, which is economically feasible and does not require the storage and storage of fuel. Also it does not require much labor and time for repairs and maintenance.
Autonomous heating of a private house. What type of heating should I choose?
Before building a house, there is always a question of choosing a heating method. First of all, it is necessary to determine the source of energy and the costs for it.
Types of energy carriers
Any house warms the coolant, which moves through all rooms. He gives warmth, heating the rooms. It can be a liquid circulating through pipes, air supplied to rooms, an electric current flowing to heating devices. Each energy carrier has advantages and disadvantages. The most important indicator is profitability. The autonomous heating system of a private house is often water or electric.
Heating costs
The cost of materials for creating a heating system includes the purchase of a boiler, pipes, radiators, fittings, valves and other auxiliary equipment. Here a lot depends on the choice of materials. For example, steel boilers are cheaper than those made of cast iron, but the latter are more durable. Pipes should be used from plastic or metal-plastic. They are much cheaper than metal ones. The most expensive radiators come in stainless steel. The connection of gas requires significant costs. Many of them are too expensive, and we have to make a choice in favor of heating with solid fuel. Design and installation work is best entrusted to specialists who will competently install an independent heating of a private house. The price of installation depends on the choice of the company, but here it is better not to save. It is better to immediately pay for the reliability of the system, otherwise the savings on the skills of specialists after it will be expensive.
Hot water heating
Autonomous heating of a private house uses heated water, which is pumped through pipes with radiators connected to them by circular circulation. After cooling, it again returns for heating to the boiler. Water is used most often, because it has unique properties and it does not cost anything. According to the scheme, independent heating of a private house involves manual or automatic control of the thermal regime.
Natural circulation of coolant
The heat carrier is transported by convection with a difference in density in the heated and cooled state. Hot water is forced out by the cold because of the lower density. Having given up the heat, the chilled, heavier water descends downward and is transported by gravity into the boiler for heating. The system does not depend on electricity if it is heated by a simple boiler without automatic control. For a large house with an area of more than 100 m 2, such a system is difficult to make. We need an accurate calculation of pipe diameters, compliance with slopes and the absence of stagnant zones. The entry of even a small amount of air into the system can cause interruptions in its operation.
Forced heating circuit
The forced circuit allows evenly to supply the coolant to all radiators. After passing through the system, the water is again heated in the boiler. The integrated pump can also be used in a natural circulation system. It is installed in the discharge pipeline. With the help of valves and bypass cooling modes change. It is important that the boiler is suitable for working with natural and forced circulation.
Water Flow Diagrams
A system that only works for heating a house is called a single-circuit system.
On a two-circuit scheme, hot water is still heated.
In turn, the heating systems differ in the schemes of pipe routing to the heating elements:
The one-pipe system works by the way of passing water through all the radiators and returning to the boiler for heating. In this case, the first of them overheat, and the latter remain too cold. Adjust the temperature with this option is not possible.
The two-pipe method provides for the consecutive distribution of hot water to the radiators and the removal of the cooled pipe along the common pipe into the boiler. In this case, the heat transfer is uniform and controlled.
The collector system provides for the supply and removal of water to one radiator or their groups by separate pipelines. The method is the most convenient, but the most material-intensive.
An especially important place in the heating system is occupied by the expansion tank. The tank in the attic is a thing of the past. In addition, the water in it can freeze, which leads to a complete stop of the heating system. Therefore, everywhere began to use pressure tanks of the membrane type, installed in the boiler room. They must ensure constant pressure in the system and its stable operation.
Types of boilers
For heating water used boilers. Of these, gas is the most common. They are the most economical because of the low cost of the energy carrier. To do this, near the house must pass the gas main to which you want to connect. Although the cost of gas is constantly growing, and boilers require special maintenance, the demand for it does not fall. The high cost of connection is a serious problem.
The autonomous gas heating of a private house should be chosen with a safety system that includes flame control and fire detectors that cut off the supply in unpleasant situations. The cheapest are steel boilers that serve up to 20, and cast iron can withstand up to 50 years. The main criterion for their selection is the power, which should be somewhat higher than the design one. Small models are made in the wall version, and more powerful - in the floor.
Solid fuel boilers also remain popular. For them, any type of fuel is suitable: wood, coal, pallets. The designs continue to improve in the direction of increasing efficiency. Long-term burning of solid fuel significantly reduces the need for manual labor when servicing the boiler. This heat source makes it possible to heat the house regardless of the supply of electricity. It should be available as an alternative to gas heating. In addition, an interesting option is a combined boiler in which both gas and solid fuel can be used.
Autonomous electric heating of a private house is very convenient in terms of maintenance, but it costs much more. With periodic use in a country house, this option will be the best. There are many types of electric boilers. Autonomous heating of a private house is more convenient to produce with a hinged electric boiler. It is worthwhile to think about the option of heating the house with electric radiators without a boiler and distributing water supply pipes. They can be transported to a country house in a car on weekends and connected to the power supply system.
Heating the house with electricity
For electric heating there are many ways and devices for which you need to determine correctly. The most common electric convectors, the system of the warm floor and the heating of air circulating in the premises.
Electric convectors
If the decision is made to install an independent heating of a private house with electricity, then it is advisable to immediately use electric convectors. The number of devices depends on the volume of heating. For a room without thermal insulation, the energy consumption is 40 W / m 3 . For a house with an area of 100 m 2 and a ceiling height of 2.5 m, the room volume will be 250 m 3 . Then the heating requires power 10 kW. Since the heaters are installed under the windows, it is necessary to calculate their number. For example, 5 windows will require the same number of convectors with a capacity of 2 kW. The monthly electricity consumption will be 7200 kW. At an electricity price of 2.85 rubles per kilowatt per day and 1.38 rubles per kilowatt per night, the cost of electric heating will be more than 17 thousand rubles. per month. It is possible to save, optimally distributing heat across the premises and in time. The autonomous heating system of a private house can be supplemented with other sources of heat, for example a solid fuel boiler, which will significantly reduce costs. It is already becoming a reality to use alternative options, for example solar panels and wind generators. Their connection to the system can give noticeable savings.
Underfloor heating system
The scheme of autonomous heating of a private house with heating appliances also has disadvantages, the most significant of which is the heat transfer to the ceiling. To the bottom of the room was not cold, use the system "warm floor". To do this, use cable, film and rod heating elements.
A warm floor is installed in the bathroom when, in addition to the central one, additional independent heating of the apartment is made. The heating of a private house is often arranged using a combination of this method with other systems.
Heaters can be poured with concrete, embedded in a floor screed or in a layer of tile glue. Systems are used in the form of thin plates, which are laid on top. In the Swedish system, electrical heating is carried out under the entire house with the possibility of controlling the temperature regime in separate rooms. Output cables to one control panel.
When an autonomous heating of a private house with gas or solid fuel is used, it is possible to use water heating of the floor, which will result in great savings.
External roof heating systems, pedestrian paths and staircases are used to prevent their icing. This can be included in the autonomous heating of a private house or used in public places.
Air heating
Air heating is based on the same principle as heating with a conventional oven. The heat generator generates heat through natural convection. The air is fed by a fan to the heat exchanger, where it is heated up to 45-60 ° C and enters the rooms from above through the air duct. After cooling, it is sucked through the lower pipes and returns to the heat generator. The system allows you to control the temperature and humidity in the premises. The rate of warming up the rooms is much higher. In the warm season, the system is used to vent the entire house, which is its significant advantage. Serving cool air in the rooms, it performs the function of an air conditioner. But it should be possible to communicate with the environment.
Conclusion
Already at the project stage, it should be correctly determined what the scheme of independent heating of a private house should be. The correct choice depends on the following:
Temperature conditions in rooms;
Costs of labor and time for maintenance and repairs;
Energy costs.
The development, installation and commissioning of the boiler must be carried out by specialists with a license.
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