Arterial hypertension 2 degrees, risk 2: what does this mean?

Arterial hypertension 2 degrees, risk 2 - what is this type of hypertension? What are the consequences of it, which contributes to its appearance, is it possible to cure this disease? These questions are asked by people who already have such a diagnosis, and those who are not yet familiar with the increased pressure, it will be interesting to get acquainted with the information provided to be fully armed and prevent hypertension in their life.

Arterial hypertension 2, degree of risk 2 - what is it?

Degrees of hypertension and its severity are diagnosed on the basis of blood pressure measurements. At 2 degrees, it lasts for a long time on the numbers 160 (180) / 90 (110) mm Hg. Art. This is considered a moderate hypertension, but the condition is already critical, since normal pressure is practically absent, and if the disease is not treated, then it quickly grows into a more severe degree. This is because this pressure starts irreversible changes in the organs, they are forced to rebuild under the influence of high indicators. First of all, this heart, kidneys, brain, and in the earliest stages there are changes in the retina of the eye. They are also called target organs, since they are the first to hit and suffer the most, even if the symptoms are not yet available.

In addition to severity, hypertension is still divided by the degree of risk to which the target organs are exposed. By establishing the degree of risk, the doctor is guided by many factors: he takes into account the sex of the patient, his weight, cholesterol level in the blood, hereditary predisposition, the presence of endocrine disorders, bad habits, lifestyle, the condition of organs that are primarily exposed to high pressure. At grade 2, these risk factors may be absent or only one or two similar signs will be available.

At risk 2, the probability of the onset of irreversible changes in organs after 10 years, fraught with heart attacks and strokes, is 20%.

Therefore, the diagnosis of "grade 2 arterial hypertension, risk 2" is set when this pressure lasts for a long time, there are no endocrine disorders, but one or two internal target organs have already begun to undergo changes, atherosclerotic plaques have appeared.

Symptoms

In the case when the pressure is constantly high and hypertension of the 2nd degree has already developed, the person is accompanied by symptoms that prevent him from fully living and working. They are not bright, blurry, and not necessarily all at once, but they bring inconvenience and reduce the quality of life:

- Occasionally there is dizziness;

- the eyelids, face, upper limbs swell;

- facial skin turns red, capillary mesh protrudes;

- a person feels constant weakness and weakness;

- pressure makes itself felt pulsating pain in the temporal region or in the occiput;

- sometimes in the eyes of darkens, there are flashing black dots;

- noise in ears;

- sclera of the eyes widen and blush, vision deteriorates;

- walls of the left ventricle of the heart thicken;

- problems with urination are possible;

- emotional excitement makes itself felt.

Causes

The diagnosis "arterial hypertension of 2 degrees, risk 2" usually comes with age, because the body wears out, blood vessels narrow in the vessels and blood circulation becomes difficult. But in recent years, this diagnosis is put to patients just over 30 years old, and, more surprisingly, even in very young people, one can find individual symptoms of this disease. Why is the pressure unstable, what provokes such high figures?

1. Atherosclerosis: because of it, the vessels lose their elasticity and narrow the lumens in the arteries.
2. Hereditary factors and genetic predispositions.
3. Harmful habits: smoking and alcohol.
4. Lifestyle: people move too little.
5. High body weight.
6. Increased sugar in the blood, hormonal changes in the thyroid gland.
7. Kidney disease.
8. Stressful situations.
9. Excessive consumption of salt causes a water retention in the body.

Pressure and kidneys

In hypertension of the 2nd degree, the primary excretory organ, the kidneys, is primarily harmed. Suffer, above all, the smallest vessels of the organ. Tightening, they are not able to provide normal blood flow, and in the kidney there is initially a slight inflammation. In response, the hormone renin begins to be produced. Further, the process is aggravated, the renin-angiotensin system is activated, causing an even greater increase in pressure. The kidneys gradually deform and atrophy, become wrinkled, unable to perform their functions.

Brain and high blood pressure

Arterial hypertension of the 2nd degree is capable of causing irreparable harm to the vessels of the brain. Because of the constant tone, they become thinner, lose elasticity and become brittle. Cholesterol, accumulating in them, does not allow them to work properly and perform their functions. First, small foci of small hemorrhages form in the brain. Regardless of the origin of hypertension, impaired brain function will be provided if the treatment is not started on time. This test may result in hemorrhoidal or ischemic stroke.

Heart and arterial hypertension

The increased pressure exposes the heart muscle to severe tests, and this does not pass for her without a trace. First, the coronary arteries are affected , the number of atherosclerotic plaques increases. Secondly, the myocardium is enormously overextended, delivering blood to organs and tissues. Trying to cope with the stresses, the heart increases in size, which leads to myocardial hypertrophy, and then it begins to simply collapse due to excessive overstrain. If a person has a healthy heart, then under the influence of these factors it suffers and wears out quickly enough.

Diagnostics

Methods of diagnosis for this disease are divided into 2 types - physical and instrumental, on this basis and is diagnosed with "grade 2 arterial hypertension, risk 2".

The case history is the main document in which the data of all methods of research are reflected. Initially, the results of the patient's interview and his complaints are entered there. They already give an idea to the specialist about the characteristics of the disease, and sometimes it is possible to assume the presence of hypertension of the 2nd degree, but the level of risk can not be determined. Therefore, the doctor appoints regular two-week measurements of blood pressure in the morning and evening.

The medical map reflects the state of the skin, puffiness, the results of listening with the stethoscope of the heart and lungs, determine the size and location of the heart. A good doctor already at this stage establishes the degree of damage to target organs and can make the correct diagnosis.

Then the instrumental methods are appointed, which will most fully represent the picture of the developed pathology. The ultrasound of the liver, kidneys, thyroid and pancreas is prescribed. This helps to establish the cause of the disease on the basis of the state of the organs and determine the harm that it has already inflicted on the body.

Ultrasound examination of the heart and an echocardiogram allow you to determine the level of damage and see changes in the ventricle.

Narrowing of the renal arteries will help determine Doppler. Even if one vessel is damaged, there is an occasion for the progression of this disease, especially when there have already formed blood clots.

Blood and urine tests are also prescribed.

Treatment

The risk of developing a heart attack or stroke is about 20%, but there is a chance to reduce the threat of these serious complications 4 times if you take medications.

When diagnosing a doctor, the doctor prescribes a set of medications that reduce blood pressure and prevent him from going up, as well as relieving the heart of excessive hypertension.

1. First of all, these are the main drugs that remove excess fluid from the body - diuretics.
2. ACE inhibitors or ARBs, relaxing vessel walls.
3. Medications that slow down the rapid rhythm and cardiac arrhythmia are beta-adrenoblockers and antiarrhythmics, renin inhibitors.
4. Preparations that relax the heart muscle.
5. It is effective during the treatment of the use of antioxidants and vitamins.
6. Remedies for removing excess cholesterol.

Only the medicines prescribed by the doctor should be consumed, and if the pharmacist suggests replacing in the pharmacy similar in composition, it is better to abandon the proposal and look for the drug elsewhere.

Arterial hypertension 2, degree of risk 2 - Do they join the army with this diagnosis?

Hypertension is getting younger every decade, and it is not uncommon for young people aged 18-23 to get this diagnosis. And if the young organism is already harmed, how will it cope with psychoemotional stress and physical stress?

When a person comes to the military registration and enlistment office to the draft commission with the results of the examination on hands, in which "arterial hypertension of 2 degrees, risk 2" is written in black and white, the army is contraindicated to him, and the doctors endure the verdict: it is not good.

If a pressure increase reaches 160/90 during the physical examination, the youngster will be given a six-month delay and will be offered a full examination for the diagnosis of "grade 2 hypertension, risk 2", and the army will not be threatened if it is confirmed to the conscript .

Prevention

To stop further development of hypertension and reduce its indices will help measures aimed at maintaining health, improving well-being, reducing weight:

1. Increase of working capacity with the help of moderate physical exertion: walking, easy running, swimming, respiratory gymnastics, restorative exercises, training on simulators. The complexity of tasks is selected carefully and is strengthened gradually, at the initial stage the duration should not exceed half an hour.

2. Animal fats need to be minimized in the diet, they are a source of harmful cholesterol deposited in the vessels.

3. Decrease in the volume of products containing sodium: sausages, salted billets for the winter, smoked products, some types of cheeses.

4. Preference should be given to fat-free products, vegetable oils, vegetables, fruits, instead of meat, it is better to include non-fat fish in the menu.

5. It is important to add to your diet products with a high content of potassium, it is necessary for the heart muscle at high loads.

6. Refuse from pernicious habits that provoke high blood pressure - smoking and drinking alcohol.

7. Normalize sleep, observe the correct regime of the day.

8. More positive emotions, walks in nature, auto-training and development of methods of psychological relief.

9. If there is no allergy, then, after consulting with a doctor, you can consume vitamins, fortified herbs, antioxidants.

A stable increase in pressure and hypertension of the 2nd degree, risk 2 is not a verdict, but the problem requires an attentive attitude. If the disease is not treated, it will progress, seize new positions, destroying the body. Therefore, we must try very hard to maintain our health and a full life for many years.