Maslow's Theory

The well-known theory of Maslow's needs immediately attracted the wide attention of the scientific community, publicists, and the public. One can not even unequivocally answer the question why it became so popular. Or, thanks to a rather original scientific interpretation of the socio-economic realities of the modern world, or rather by a loose treatment of the canons of scientific analysis, which is why it has acquired, to some extent, a scandalous character.

Abraham Maslow, a famous American psychologist of the last century, laid out the foundations of his theory in the mid-fifties, during a period of serious social science crisis that she experienced after the end of World War II and could not answer questions about a person's place in a developing post-industrial society. The main work of the scientist - "Motivation and Personality" - has become a kind of an attempt to rethink the system of social relations within the framework of the emerging new, first of all, economic reality. Therefore, the theory of oil has become popular among representatives of many branches of scientific knowledge, economists, sociologists, psychologists. It is very firmly embedded in some political science, especially in the part where the scientist draws conclusions about the need for rigid institutionalization of political relations for the sake of stable economic development of states.

In its simplest form, the Maslow concept should be presented as a doctrine consisting of two fairly autonomous doctrines.

The first of these - the theory of hierarchical needs - has gained popularity in the development of postindustrial development models, it is most fully reflected in the so-called theory of the society of general welfare, and, in addition, it has become an integral part of modern economic education as a section of macroeconomic analysis.

Another area of scientific heritage is the theory of the personality of oil, the basis of which is the hypothesis of personal development based on the hierarchy of human needs. Its significance lies in the fact that Maslow succeeded in demonstratively demonstrating a historical and social digression of the genetic development of society in its organic connection with the development of each individual individual and investigating the motives for this development.

Maslow's scientific reasoning was based on the assertion that human needs have the same genesis, and therefore their system of interconnection and interaction has one common property - hierarchy. The essence of this hypothesis can be more easily represented in such a way that whatever the different needs of different social groups and individuals are, these systems always have their own internal hierarchy. Ode is quite complex and diverse, so Maslow classifies the needs according to certain characteristics and distinguishes five main groups mediated by different motives. In addition, the theory of oil presupposes a classification of the motives themselves, in which they are regarded as deficit and existential.

To the first category, the author of the concept refers those motives that move a person to the activity of satisfying vital needs - in food, rest, sleep, etc.

Being motives direct a person to have pleasures, acquire higher statuses, and realize their plans. These motives are clearly manifested only when the needs, motives of the first group are not relevant. This is the first side of Maslow's hierarchical model of needs.

The theory of oil itself classifies oil into five main groups, they are not simply distributed according to certain attributes, but are built in a strictly defined hierarchical order, to which Maslow shaped the pyramid.

At the base of this pyramid lie physiological needs, that is, those that initiate motivation for activities to obtain food and other attributes of physical life support.

At the second level, Maslow arranged security-related needs.

On the next "floor" of the Maslow pyramid are the needs of social and physiological order associated with communication, sexual satisfaction, reproduction.

The needs that are actualized in the social self of man, in the Maslow pyramid are on the fourth level.

And, finally, the need for self-actualization of man, his creative self-realization, the theory of oil takes place at the very top of the pyramid.

This system is dynamic and interdependent: reaching a certain level in meeting the needs naturally serves as a motive for meeting the needs of the next.

In a later period of scientific activity Maslow shifted from the ranking of needs to their simple classification into needs of need and development.