Army special forces - the elite of the Russian army

The successful implementation of any military company depends on the availability of information about the enemy's forces, their armament and strength. C long time before the start of a large-scale offensive of volunteers formed detachments of spies, which were introduced to the territory of the enemy to collect data or to conduct sabotage. The development of weapons and the enrichment of the experience of military operations improved the methods of conducting reconnaissance and sabotage operations and served as an impetus to the creation of various paramilitary formations, each of which fulfills its highly specialized task.

Specialized army unit

Combat operations involve numerous human casualties, destruction of houses and buildings. Victory in wars is often given a very high price. Proceeding from this and having a long-standing military experience for many years, the army leadership realized the urgent need to create special professional groups for performing special tasks. So in the regular armies of different countries there was a special unit - the army special forces.

What is it intended for and how does it work?

The army special forces of different countries, with differences in the specifics of training, armament and camouflage, have one task entrusted to it - the rapid and silent elimination of the enemy.

To this end, the most vital organs of the enemy are struck, which excludes any possibility of resistance, and guarantees instant death.

Army special forces In his work he uses methods of camouflage, having in the divisions of different countries certain differences. Everything depends on the surrounding situation, which is typical for this or that area, the weather and seasonal conditions in which you have to act. Proceeding from this, the army special forces Is equipped with a special form adapted to the coloring of the terrain and special means for firearms - silencers and flame arresters that allow it to be used freely in the rear of the enemy without fear of giving out by the sound of shots or flashes of flame.

Detachments of a special purpose conduct reconnaissance work, regardless of the conditions of the environment and the situation in the enemy camp. The end result is the received information about the armament of the enemy, its strength, features of the terrain on which further hostilities are to be conducted.

What information does the special forces get?

Intelligence, which is carried out by special forces, is considered effective if it is able to provide the army leadership with the necessary information:

• Data on the enemy.

This is information about the topographic location of those objects that are subject to capture, and an assessment of the degree of their protection. The report should contain data on the number, quality and location of the enemy's fire weapons, the possible proximity of reserve combat units, the distance from them to captured objects, the time and methods of approaching enemy reserves in the event of a direct combat encounter.

• Data about the area.

The report contains information on the patency of the territory, on the presence of natural obstacles (canyons, reservoirs), on their nature and the possibility of overcoming it. Also included here are data on human settlements, which must be taken into account in order to provide an inconspicuous approach to the objects of interest to capture.

History Create

In order to identify, neutralize and eliminate terrorist groups, carry out sabotage and counter-terrorist combat missions in the enemy's rear, special combat units and units of special services, the Armed Forces and police are used in the Russian Federation.

Special Forces of Russia Has its own history.

July 29, 1974 in the USSR was formed management "A", which until 1991 belonged to the Seventh Department of the KGB. Today, this division is still in force. This is a special counterterrorism unit "A" of the FSB, known all as the special forces "Alpha", recognized in the world as one of the most effective.

In 2011 the team of detachment "A" attached to the FSB of Russia took part in the world championship of special forces, where it won the first two places and was recognized as the best international brigade.

Spetsnaz: division "A". Functions

Its main task is to carry out specific military security measures to search for and identify terrorist organizations, neutralize and further destroy armed criminals. Special Forces "Alpha" is engaged in the release of hostages, holding negotiations with terrorists. The detachment is intended for the seizure of air and water vessels, ground transportation and storming of buildings with hostages held there. Often the services of detachment "A" are used for riots in prisons and colonies, since the unit is considered elite and is highly effective. This made him in demand when carrying out military operations in "hot spots" and in other situations, complicated or out of control.

World analogues

Such a special unit is not the only one in the world. The US special forces showed high results in the fight against terrorism. Good material support for the groups made it possible to conduct numerous experiments that allowed achieving high results. Soldiers of such units storm the fortified buildings inside suddenly for terrorists - at points which, unlike door and window openings, are not controlled by them. This significantly reduced the death rate in the US special forces.

Almost all developed countries have similar anti-terrorist detachments, which differ little from each other. They also perform the function of anti-terror in their state and the tactics of their actions are similar.

About combat training

The fulfillment of tasks requires from each fighter a special task unit of great physical and psychological tension. This is due to the fact that the Special Forces squad Carries out mainly either in the rear of the enemy, or in a terrain completely unsuitable for normal human life.

Staying in extreme conditions, in harsh conditions, without communication with the outside world, requires each participant of the special unit to have physical and psychological health, fitness and moral readiness to withstand possible loads.

About special forces of the Airborne Forces a lot of filmed and documentary films, serials, where it is colorfully shown how effectively and efficiently the special unit works. But behind that side, visible to the spectators, there is another, which consists of everyday and tedious briefings and trainings, the high demands placed on the soldiers by their leadership.

Training Special Forces Under the supervision of experienced instructors. The task of training is to transfer the knowledge to the wards and the formation of practical skills necessary for the performance of combat missions. During the exercises, the fighters are taught both standard and highly specialized skills.

What does the training of special forces involve?

1. Standard skills:

• Hand-to-hand combat;
• Fire, psychological and general physical training.

2. Highly specialized knowledge and practical skills:

• Silent movement in the rear of the enemy, which includes the ability to covertly carry out overcoming water and engineering barriers, swamps, navigate the terrain at night;
• Fulfillment of tasks on observation and information collection in urban conditions and settlements;
• Effective masking: the form of special forces Is selected for fighters depending on the conditions of the terrain on which work is performed - it can be mountains, forests, desert, swampy terrain or a surface littered with snow;
• Orientation on the terrain, both with and without a topographic map, the ability to notice and distinguish traces;
• The ability to carry out radio reconnaissance and to use for this purpose other means of technology;
• Survival skills in difficult conditions for the human body;
• Psychological training and obtaining the knowledge necessary to provide urgent medical assistance.

The Tasks and Structure of the Russian Navy

During the military situation, the naval special forces of the Russian Federation are engaged in:

• Mining ships, paramilitary naval bases and enemy hydraulic structures;
• Search and further physical destruction of the enemy's means intended for a nuclear attack and the points that perform their operational control;
• The detection in the coastal zone of other enemy targets, the accumulation of manpower;
• Provision of landing operations in the coastal zone;
• Guidance and correction of air and naval artillery strikes against the identified enemy forces.

In peacetime, Russian naval special forces are engaged in combating terrorism and exchanging experience with other special forces.

The staff of the marine special squad includes 124 people - of them 56 fighters, the rest - technical personnel. The soldiers in the detachment are divided into units and operate autonomously. Each of these groups consists of 12 people. They are divided into groups of 6 people: an officer, a midshipman and four sailors.

The naval special forces of the Russian Federation are represented by three detachments, each of which fulfills its task:

• The first detachment is intended for the destruction of enemy objects located on land. The tactic of the detachment's operation lies in an inconspicuous underwater approach to the targeted enemy targets with further implementation of sabotage. Fighters act as divers and act on the spot as saboteurs of the Main Intelligence Agency.
• The second detachment is engaged in reconnaissance work.
• The third detachment of naval special forces carries out underwater mining of ships, naval bases, places of deployment of manpower and other important enemy targets. The soldiers of the detachment are especially trained for the role of combat divers, because they act mainly not on land, but underwater - they are sabotaging and make attacks.

Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

In the Russian Federation, these troops are and are subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Following the law "On Internal Troops", the Special Forces of the Navy performs the following tasks:

1. In peacetime:

• Ensure public order;
• Carry out the protection of state-important objects and cargoes during transportation;
• They release hostages;
• Help other units of the MIA system in the fight against crime.

2. In wartime and in emergency situations, according to a specific Law on Internal Troops, the Special Forces of the Armed Forces receive additional responsibilities - providing assistance to border security forces in ensuring the territorial defense and security of the country, and protecting the borders of the state.

Features of special forces in the city

To fulfill the combat mission in the settlements, the Russian special forces Applies techniques:

• Overcoming obstacles;
• Hidden survey of the terrain;
• Silent penetration into the structure;
• Rapid and effective storming of buildings;
• Stripping of captured buildings.

1. Overcoming barriers in urban areas. The work is done after a thorough examination of the situation. Before you overcome the obstacle that has arisen on the way, special forces fighters carry out an inspection of the territory for the possible presence of a hidden enemy. Before crossing the wall, the opposite part is examined.

2. Inspection of urban areas. For this task, buildings are ideally suited, observation is recommended because of their angles. The main thing is to do it carefully, not revealing yourself with weapons or equipment.

3. When penetrating the structure, window openings represent a particular danger, it is necessary to move under them at a fast pace and bend low. The fighter must be below the level of the window cut. Window openings in the basement are recommended to step over.

4. During the assault, the special forces move along the walls, and also involves passing through them, using faults and cracks. Door openings are overcome by a throw under the fire cover of a partner. Throw should be made swift and immediately aimed at shelter.

The special forces of Russia, as special units of other countries, use smoke curtains, in addition to the fire cover, during the overcoming of the open terrain. In this case, dashes are made from one cover to another in the event that there is a short distance between them. Such advancement is carried out by a group with an obligatory interval between fighters in at least ten steps. Such a distance will prevent possible fire damage.

US special forces during the assault uses the means to destroy the walls in the captivating building in those places that are not controlled by armed criminals. Unexpected appearance in the formed hole in the wall of special forces soldiers acts on terrorists overwhelming - the effect of surprise works. Moderate explosion, knocking out strictly on a certain contour bricks and cinder blocks, deafens the unprepared to such assault of the enemy.

In the Russian special forces, the storming of the building takes place immediately after throwing grenades into the window opening. In this tactic of capture there is a flaw - the enemy can quickly react and throw it back. In this case, there is a great risk of damage to the fragments of your own exploding shell.

5. Stripping of the captured structure. After the storm, the building must be carefully inspected. For this purpose, one fighter takes a firing position outside the doorway and covers the group. The premises that have been checked are marked with a symbol. Stripping special forces produce, moving along the ladder marches "from top to bottom." This allows you to "squeeze" the enemy to the lower floors, where it is easier to destroy or force him out onto the street and detain him. It is undesirable to clean up the "bottom-up". This will give the enemy a chance to gain a foothold on the upper floors or to walk along the roofs of nearby buildings.

Outfit of special forces fighters

Accordingly, the form of special forces It happens winter and summer. Depending on the purpose of the equipment of special forces is divided into three types:

• Field form. Used to perform combat missions, trainings and duty. It is also intended to be worn during a military or emergency situation. To this type of clothing are the highest requirements.
• The dress code. It is intended for fighters during their stay at solemn state events: carrying honor guard, receiving awards. It is also used during parades, on holidays and weekends.
• Casual shape. Applicable in all other cases.

Material for overalls

The main requirements for the material from which the overalls of units are manufactured are the ability to provide security, high ergonomics and protection. To implement the disguise of special forces, a special fabric is produced, which has a corresponding pattern. In each country, a drawing is selected for the fabric from which special equipment is sewn, for a specific characteristic type of terrain.

Russian special forces use the coloring "surpate", which takes into account the typical characteristics of the domestic territory.

In addition to clothing, the form of special units includes weapons, means to provide protection, navigation, life support, an individual first-aid kit and special elements are attached to it.

Cold steel for special forces

Russian special forces In his activities often confronted with situations in which a knife can not be avoided. During the descent from the wall of the house or from the helicopter you can get tangled up in ropes and parachute slings, during the seizure of transport, there is sometimes a need to cut the jammed seat belts. In such situations, a knife is simply necessary. It is a mistake to think that cold arms are supposed for all power structures of the Russian Federation - detachments of the Airborne Forces, OMON or marines. The right to carry and use combat knives during special operations has only special forces. Mostly these are blades not exceeding 200 mm in length and 60 mm in width.

The knife of the army special forces in skillful hands makes it easy to inflict terrible wounds on the enemy. In the production of combat knives for special forces, very strong and high-quality steel is used.

Naval special forces often use a knife in their activity, which is also called "Razvedbat". To make such a knife is taken stainless steel. The width of the blade is 60 mm, the length is 300 mm. The knife is equipped with a protective guard, which makes it easier for them to hit the enemy.

The second most popular among the fighters of this special unit is the blade "Katran". It is universal, because it can be used both as a tool and as a weapon. As a tool, this knife, thanks to the transverse groove at its base, is successfully used for bending and breaking the wire. The blade is equipped with a double sharpening - conventional and sawtooth - on the side of the shoe. For the manufacture of the handle and sheath, plastic is used. Fixing the knife in the scabbard is carried out by means of clicks of the guard. "Katran" is equipped with an additional lock in the form of a rubber ring, which prevents the possible slipping of the blade from the scabbard, which during the special operation for the fighter is undesirable.

Today, the knife "Gyurza" was officially admitted to supply the special forces of the FSB . His blade has a one-and-a-half sharpening. The sergeant on the side of the shoe improves the quality of combat weapons and makes it possible to use it to perform the accompanying "peaceful" tasks - it is very convenient for them to cut ropes, ropes, and use them as a saw.

The history of the use of special forces in carrying out reconnaissance and sabotage activities in the rear of the enemy, in the fight against terrorists and especially dangerous criminals proved the acute need for the use of combat knives. The rich experience of performing specific tasks is taken into account when selecting cold weapons for modern army units.