Analysis of the work "Farewell to Matyora." The problems of V. Rasputin's story "Farewell to Matyora"

Time does not stand still. Society and life itself are constantly moving forward, making their own adjustments to the already established rules. But it happens only in different ways and not always in accordance with the laws of morality and conscience.

The story "Farewell to Mother" by V. Rasputin is an example of how new trends run counter to moral principles, as progress literally "absorbs" human souls. The work, which appeared in the mid-1970s, touches on many important problems that have not lost their relevance today.

History of the creation of the story

The second half of the 20th century became saturated with changes in the history of the country. And the achievements of the scientific and technical industry, which contributed to the transition to a higher degree of development, often led to serious contradictions in the society. One such example is the construction of a powerful power plant, the Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station, near the native village of the writer, Atalanka. As a result, it fell into the flood zone. It would seem, what a trifle: to destroy a small village in order to bring a lot of benefit to the whole country. But nobody thought about the fate of its old residents. And the ecological balance as a result of interference in the natural course of development of nature was violated.

These events could not but affect the soul of the writer, whose childhood and youth passed in the outback, in direct connection with the established traditions and foundations. Therefore, Rasputin's story "Farewell to the Mother" is also a bitter reflection on what the author himself had to endure.

Storyline

The action begins in the spring, but the symbolic understanding of this time as the birth of a new life in this case is inapplicable. On the contrary, it is at this moment that the village is flooded with news of its imminent flooding.

In the center of the story are the tragic destinies of its indigenous inhabitants: Daria, Nastasya, Katerina, "old women", who dreamed of ending their century here and sheltering Bogodul, who was not wanted by anybody (associations with a holy fool, a pilgrim, a man of God). And now everything is collapsing for them. Neither the stories about a comfortable apartment in a new settlement on the banks of the Angara, nor the ardent speeches of young people (Andrew - the grandson of Darya) that the country needs it, can not convince them of the expediency of destroying their home. The old women gather each evening for a cup of tea, as if they are trying to enjoy communication with each other before parting. Forgive each corner of nature, so dear to the heart. Daria all this time trying to rebuild the bit by bit, life, her and the village, trying not to miss anything: for to her "the whole truth is in my memory."

Behind all this majestically watched by an unseen host: and he can not save the island, and for him it is also a farewell to Matera.

The content of the last months of stay on the island of old-timers is supplemented by a number of terrible events. The burning of the house of Katerina is a son-drunkard. An unwelcome move to the village of Nastasya and watching how the hut without a mistress immediately turned into an orphan. Finally, the excesses of the "officials" directed by the SES for the destruction of the cemetery, and the resolute opposition to them of the old women - from where only forces undertook to protect their native graves!

And the tragic finale: fallen into the fog, people lost in the middle of the river in a boat, lost landmark in life. Among them is the son of the main heroine, Pavel, who could not pull his native places out of his heart. And the old women left on the island at the time of its flooding, and with them - an innocent child. Rising, not broken - neither the fire took it, nor the ax, nor even the modern chainsaw - larch as evidence of eternal life.

"Farewell to Mother": problems

The unpretentious plot. However, decades pass, and the work of Rasputin still does not lose relevance: after all, the author raises very important questions concerning the development of society in it. Here are the most important of them:

• What was the man born for, what answer should he give at the end of his life?
• How to keep mutual understanding between generations?
• What are the advantages of the "rural" way of life before the "urban" way of life?
• Why can not we live without memory (in a broad sense)?
• What should be the power so that it does not lose the people's trust?

And also ecological problems: what threatens mankind with interference in the natural development of nature? Do not these actions become the beginning of the tragic end of his existence?

Questions that were initially rather complicated and did not imply an unambiguous answer affect Rasputin. "Farewell to Matera" is his vision of problems, as well as an attempt to draw attention of all those living on Earth to them.

Daria Pinigina - the oldest woman in the village

The keeper of centuries-old traditions, faithful to the memory of her kind, with respect to the places where her life passed, is the main character of the story. The son and his family went to the village, one joy - their arrival once a week. The grandson for the most part does not understand and does not accept her convictions, since this is a man of another generation. Native people for her as a result are the same, like herself, lonely old women. With them, she spends time and shares her worries, thoughts.

From the image of Daria begins the analysis of the work "Farewell to the Mother." It helps to understand how important it is not to lose touch with the past. The main belief of the heroine is that there is no life without memory, because as a result, the moral foundations of the very existence of man are lost. So, nothing outstanding old woman becomes for Rasputin and his readers a yardstick of conscience. It is these inconspicuous characters, according to the author's admission, that attract him the most.

The farewell scene with the house

An important moment in understanding Darya's inner world is the episode in which she "prepares for her death" a native hearth. The parallel between the decoration of the house to be burned and the deceased is obvious. Rasputin includes in the work "Farewell to the Mother" a detailed description of how the heroine "washes" and whitens him, decorates with fresh fir - everything, as is proper when saying goodbye to the deceased. She sees in her house a living soul, appeals to him as to the most precious being. Never understand how a person (meaning Petrukha, the son of her friend) can burn the house in which he was born and lived with his own hands.

Protection of the cemetery

Another key stage, without which the analysis of the work "Farewell to the Mother" is impossible, is the destruction of graves in the local cemetery. No good goals can explain such a barbarous act of the authorities, which takes place before the eyes of the inhabitants. To the pain that it is necessary to leave the graves of dear people for drowning, one more was added - to see how the crosses are burned. So the old women with sticks had to stand up for their protection. But after all, you could "make this cleaning at the end" so that the residents could not see it.

Where did my conscience go? And yet - a simple respect for people and their feelings? Such questions are asked by Rasputin ("Farewell to the Mother", by the way, not the only work of the writer on this topic) and his characters. The author's merit is that he managed to convey to the reader a very important idea: any state reorganization should be correlated with the peculiarities of the life of the people, the peculiarities of the human soul. It is from this that trust begins to each other and any relationship between people.

Connection of generations: is it important?

Where do such people as SES and Petruha come from? And to the destruction of Matera, not all of its inhabitants are treated like these five old women. Klavka, for example, only enjoys the opportunity to move to a comfortable house.

Darya's words again recall what it means for a person to remember his roots, his ancestors, the laws of morality. Old people go away, and together with them the accumulated experience and knowledge disappear, for centuries, nobody in the modern world needs. Young people all the time somewhere in a hurry, is building grandiose plans, very far from the way of life that their ancestors had. And if Paul, Darya's son, still feels uncomfortable in the village: he is burdened by a new house built by someone "not for himself," and stupidly located buildings, and the land on which nothing grows, then her grandson, Andrei, Already completely does not understand what can keep a person on such an abandoned island as Matera. For him, the main thing is progress and the prospects that he offers to people.

The connection of generations is a rather hackneyed topic. "Farewell to Mother" on an example of one family shows how she is lost: Daria piously honors her ancestors, her main concern is to transport the graves to the ground. Paul seems to think such a strange idea, but still he does not dare to refuse the mother immediately. Although the request will not be fulfilled: there are enough other problems. A grandson does not understand why this is necessary. So what to say about those who "just do their job" to clean up the territory - a word that is invented! However, one can not live in the future, not remembering the past. That's why the story is written. And moral values are stored so that mistakes will not be repeated in the future. This is another important thought that the author is trying to convey to a contemporary.

A small homeland - what does it mean for a person?

Rasputin, as a man who grew up in the countryside, Russian soul, is also worried about another question: will society lose its roots originating in the paternal house? For Darya and other old women, Matera is the place where their genus originates, centuries-old tradition, covenants given by ancestors, the main one of which is to save the land-wet-nurse. Unfortunately, young people easily leave their native places, and along with them lose spiritual connection with their hearth. To such unhappy reflections the analysis of the work is brought. Farewell to Matera can be the beginning of the loss of the moral support that supports the person, and an example of this is Paul, who found himself in the final between the two banks.

The relationship between man and nature

The tale begins with a description of the beauty of the island, untouched by civilization, which has retained its primacy. Landscape sketches play a special role in conveying the author's idea. Analysis of the work "Farewell to the Mother" makes it possible to understand that a man who long considered himself the master of the world is deeply mistaken. Civilization can never prevail over what was created before it. The proof is unbroken, mighty larch, which will protect the island until its death. He did not succumb to man, retaining the primordial principle behind him.

The meaning of the story "Farewell to the Mother"

The content of one of the best works of V. Rasputin and after many years sounds like a warning. In order for life to continue further, and communication with the past is not lost, it is necessary to always remember your roots, that we are all children of the same mother earth. And the duty of everyone - to be on this earth not guests or temporary residents, but the guardians of all that was accumulated by previous generations.