"Недоросль": positive and negative heroes. Heroes of the comedy "Minor" Fonvizin

In 1782 he finished work on his best work - the comedy "Nedorosl" - DI Fonvizin.

Written in accordance with the traditions of classicism, it nevertheless became innovative for its time. This was manifested in the problems (the author makes you think about the issues of education, government, social and family relations), and in depicting heroes. Despite the fact that in the comedy "Nedorosl" positive and negative characters are clearly delineated, the attitude of the reader (or spectator) to them is not always unambiguous. Let's try to understand: why?

Classical traditions in the work

To begin with, Fonvizin's comedy notes the unity of time (day) and place (the estate of the Prostakovs), the love triangle and the presence of a resonator that speak the names. The main characters are grouped around Starodum and Prostakova, the secondary ones are adjacent to one or the other. This is how the groups are formed: the young uneducated nobleman Mitrofanushka - he is a benighted person - positive and negative heroes, distinguished by their social status, moral convictions, attitude to others, speech, etc.

"I'll fight, then fight ..."

The phrase pronounced by Prostakova fully characterizes the characters that cause a negative evaluation. Mighty (up to a certain time) the proprietor of the estate is the main negative hero.

"Nedorosl" - a parody of what was happening in many noble families, not distinguished by intelligence and literacy, but who had money and power. Mrs. Prostakova completely reigns the whole house - she is even afraid of a weak-willed husband. "Rascal", "dummy", "harya", "canal" and under. - this is its usual appeal to others. Only her son she calls "darling" and makes it clear that everything does for his happiness. Prostakov is an uneducated and spiteful person who perfectly feels the situation. She knows who is not worth a penny, but who should smile, please.

As the action develops in the comedy "The Minor", positive and negative characters are characterized from different angles. So, we learn the story of Prostakova's life from her communication with Starodum. All her life principles she inherited from the same ignorant parents. In turn, she instilled in their beloved Mitrofanushka.

Little difference from the sister Skotinin. This hero Fonvizin almost completely deprived of human appearance. And the surname sounds like not human, and the only hobby that turns into passion is pigs, and the lexicon is appropriate. And when it comes to marriage, a native nephew who also wants to grab the rich inheritance of the bride turns into a rival for him.

Mitrofanushka - the negative hero

Nedorosl - so called in Russia a young minor nobleman who has not yet joined the service. It was at this age is Mitrofanushka - "like a mother." He is as illiterate, rude, two-faced, cunning as Prostakov. In addition, lazy, contemptuous of all sciences and teachers, but at the same time fully learned the laws of immorality, deception, the ability to please. He already fully felt the taste of the power that gave him the position. Even to his father, Mitrofanushka is treated as a minor person, as evidenced by his "dream". However, it can be noted that the inexperienced will go beyond his mother. In this regard, the behavior of the hero in the final scene becomes illustrative, when he roughly repulsively pushes it off with the words: "Let go, mother, as imposed ...". By the way, it was after the Fonvizin comedy that the word "inexpensive" acquired a general value with a negative evaluation.

Antipodes of Prostakov - goodies

"Incomplete" is clearly marked by the author's assessment of historical events of the late XYIII century. In this a considerable role is played by the image of Starodum. This is a sixty-year-old husband, who at one time made a small fortune by his own labor, working in Siberia. Then he fought, after retirement he served at the court. As a person who has been fair and has seen a lot, he gives not quite a partial characteristic to the state system, officials, public relations. Starodum paid special attention to the need to serve the Fatherland, emphasized the role of education. Not casually, many of his statements, for example, "Have a heart, have a soul, and you will be a man ..." - immediately became aphorisms.

There were other positive heroes - "Incomprehensible" in this respect strictly corresponds to the traditions. This is a Moscow official Pravdin (he came to expose malice), niece and heiress Starodum Sophia, who for a long time experienced harassment in the house of Prostakova, a young officer who dreamed of dedicating his life to the Fatherland, Milon. Their statements and actions reveal even more the vices of such people as Prostakov and Skotinin. They have practically no shortcomings, therefore they can be called ideal people.

Thus, in the comedy "Nedorosl", positive and negative characters play a strictly defined role. The first to expose evil and cruelty, and their speeches affirm the principles of a just public order. The latter embody the most common human vices: ignorance, despotism, selfishness, confidence in one's own superiority, and so on.

The author's innovation

With all the traditions, the comedy had a number of differences from its predecessors. Adherence to realism is something new that Fonvizin introduced into the play. "Non-Horoscope", whose characters are shown brightly and multifaceted, differs in the desire for typification. What has happened in the family of Prostakov is viewed through the prism of the social order and makes us think about such issues as serfdom , the form of government in the state, the importance of upbringing. As a result, it is already a question of breaking triune unity as one of the requirements of classicism.

It is also unexpected that in the finale the reader sympathizes with the brutal Prostakov, who became a victim of his own maliciousness. Against this background, the words of Starodum sound more eloquent: "Have a heart, have a soul, and you will be a man at all times" -which do not lose relevance today.