ZIL-170: specifications and photos

KamAZ trucks probably saw everything. And what is the name of the machine, the photo of which is shown below? Typical for KamAZ Mazda, beskapotnaya configuration, also three people in the cabin ... and the letters "ZIL" on the front. Nevertheless, this is not an accident. So the ZIL-170 looks like a kind of "father" of cars coming out of the gate of the plant in Naberezhnye Chelny (a plant producing KamAZ trucks).

The fact is that the first model of the current KamAZ was designed at another enterprise, and in those times when the KamAZ plant did not exist yet. Order for production received the plant them. Likhachev ("ZIL"). This was the only enterprise whose production capacity at that time could cope with it. The model was successful, and after the start of production in Naberezhnye Chelny, engineers decided that it was not worth reinventing the bike a second time. The first truck, descended from the assembly line of the plant, received almost identical characteristics with the ZIL-170, a photo of which can be seen in this review.

History of the model

Before proceeding directly to the description of the truck, we note that the first KamAZ car came out of the factory gate in 1977. The only difference that can be seen in modern cars are rectangular headlights, while the no less famous ZIL-130 lighting elements are round.

So, why did the first KamAZ have different letters? The history of ZIL-170 began in the 60s of the last century, when the Moscow plant named after Likhachev was given the order to design a new heavy-duty car. At the same time, the Ministry of Automobile Industry noted two points: the first - the truck should be as Western (car-free), and the second - it is necessary to establish production at a new location. It should be noted that at the same time, the ZIL-130 was under way at the plant, and field tests were conducted on the 3169 model, which could just answer all the requirements of the ministry.

The car had a large carrying capacity, no less cargo capacity, but it was a Soviet hood truck. He did not go to the series. The next model of the plant should be ZIL-170. The history of the creation of the car begins in 1968, when the first hooded tractor (later KamAZ-5410) leaves the factory gate. In 1969, experimental versions of trucks and dump trucks (respectively, KamAZ 5320 and 5510) were launched. In the same year, the construction of the plant begins, to which all the ZIL's developments, already under the name of KamAZ, were subsequently transferred.

The first models of the new enterprise were also worn on the hood of the emblem of the plant. Likhachev. KamAZ letters (a logo in the form of a running horse was born much later), according to legend, appeared when the first exhibition model of a truck from a plant in Naberezhnye Chelny was seen at VDNKh. Someone from the ministry said that a car produced in another company should not bear the name ZIL. As a result, the Moscow plant returns to the development of hood variants, and ZIL-170 is already produced under KamAZ's name to this day.

Protopip

Having received the assignment, ZIL plant purchased several western variants and eventually settled on one. They became an American-made International.

The cabin of the new car turned out to be a bit more rectangular than the original, with an elegant front and with twin round headlights. Another difference from the American was the appearance of seat belts for the driver and one passenger (the place for the second passenger appeared already on KamAZ.) The prototype also took the power steering and the idea of a multi-circuit braking system.

Power section

In 1969, a motor plant in Yaroslavl receives another order - to develop and then release engines for a new car. At the same time, the new engine should be powerful enough - at least 200 liters. Since the car will be heavy. Yaroslavl presented a version of YaMZ-6E641, to which engineers have developed the YaMZ-E141 checkpoint. This was the first version of the engine on the ZIL-170. The second-generation engine had to be designed already in 1970, as the system showed serious problems.

The new model of the engine for the truck was given the abbreviation YMZ-740. Just like the first option, it was an 8-cylinder diesel engine with a capacity of 10 liters and a V-shaped arrangement of cylinders. Its power was 210 liters. from. If we talk about the standards "Euro", then he hardly met those standards, but in 1970 it was a very good option, and it was he who was put on the ZIL-170 trucks.

Specifications

When designing the project, designers were told that: firstly, the machine should be sufficiently unified, and secondly, all (or almost all) new developments of those times should be included in it. One of these solutions was transmission. Yaroslavl supplied its box for 5 assists. Designers used it, but added a divider, which increased the number of speeds to 10. The prototype, and then serial production, received 10 forward gears, and 2 back.

The divider circuit was quite new, but also very simple - only 2 steps. The first stage had a direct inclusion - so the first five was implemented, and the second one was incremental, due to which it was possible to include the 6th and the subsequent ones. The same divider also worked when moving backwards: one speed is "out of the box," and the second is through the boosting part.

Wheel formula

Also one of the conditions of the above-mentioned order was to be the wheel formula 6x4 from the calculation of 3 axles, 6 wheels, drive on two axles. New developments have been used here as well. The first and last axles had their cardan shafts, while the middle axis was equipped with an interaxle differential.

Fuel consumption

One of the new opportunities, which later passed into the inheritance of the first-born of the new plant, is the minimum fuel consumption. The truck ZIL-170 takes only 34 liters per 100 km. These figures are to this day among the lowest in heavy vehicles of this class.

External Settings

Speaking about the external data of the machine, it is necessary to take into account several moments. The car was to become heavy, and the first option with its own weight of 8 tons could take 6 tons of cargo. The prototype was an onboard truck with an awning, but after it went both tractors and dump trucks. However, close to the development of these modifications came already at the plant in Naberezhnye Chelny. Therefore, to describe and take the airborne version. All the parameters of this ZIL-170 are shown in the diagram above.

The main dimensions, which have become identical for all machines, will be written out separately. The total length is 7435 mm, the distance from the bumper to the center of the first wheel is 1275 mm, between the axles of the rear wheels - 1320 mm, from the front to the rear at the centers - 3190 mm. The total width is 2500 mm, between the tires on one axis - just over 2000 mm. In this case, the rear pair of axles is strengthened - 4 wheels each.

Also, external data include a characteristic grille in the upper right part of the front end, which KamAZ inherited, and many other parts that meet international requirements, such as laces on the lower part of the tent.

Conclusion

"ZIL" was the only plant in the Soviet Union, the development of which, getting into the series, became invariably successful, as, for example, ZIL-130. Many subsequent models were offshoots from the main series (131, 132, 133540). So became the ZIL-170. For the release of these versions built a whole plant. The first cars of the new enterprise completely repeated the development of ZIL, but later they became completely different machines. Nevertheless, both those and others have found their application in modern industry.