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Eight-cylinder (V8) engine: specifications, features

The process of development of the automotive industry has never stood still. The details have always changed to more improved and improved. The engines of the V8 class came to the world thanks to other low-power and took their place of honor in the automotive chain.

At the moment, these engines occupy a place of honor in the model range offered by manufacturers, and are not going to leave this niche. The name V8 speaks for itself: it is a kind of arrangement of cylinders in the block.

History of the formation of V-engines

The emergence of V8-engines was preceded by the fact that before them there were in-line motors that did not differ in high traction power. The first V8 engine was designed and constructed in 1902 by designer Levassar, who designed and developed engines for ships and ships. But already in 1905 the world saw the first Rollsroysovsky DVS, which were installed on cars.

Further, this technology was picked up by such well-known manufacturers as Oldsmobile, GM, Chevrolet and Cadillac. This technology flooded the US and literally became a whole era. European manufacturers have always tried to switch to more economical options, which made the V8-engine highly specialized.

In the USSR, since the 1950s, modified and improved engines of this class have been used on trucks, and later on cars. Even now in Russia, many representatives of domestic vehicles have a V8 configuration.

American V8

The technology of the V8 engines has gained wide popularity, which lasted a long time, from 1910 to the early nineties. These motors were ideal for installation on Mascalkera and ordinary cars, which fell in love with the average consumer.

Of course, not without improvements. GMC Company in the mid-70 launches several lines of super-powerful V8 engines on several models that have become classics of the American automotive industry. At the same time, the legendary Ford together with Shelby produces two magnificent creations - GT350 and GT500. These models are considered one of the best in the world, according to motorists and experts.

In the world widely known are such cars with the V8 engine: Chevrolet Camaro SS, Chevrolet Impala 67, Dodge Charger, Dodge Challenger, Buick Riviera, Pontiac GTO, Plymouth Barracuda and Oldsmobile Toronado. All these models are well known in the US, as well as in the CIS.

V8 comes from Germany

The brightest representatives of production were the engines "BMW V8" and "Audi V8". Every guy from childhood heard that these are classic sports cars of German production, which fascinated and amazed with power. Another distinctive feature was the sound of the V8 engine, which many learn to this day.

During the banditry of the 1990s in the Russian Federation, many members of the groups went by cars of these brands. They had advantages over the others, thanks to their powerful engine, which left the pursuit. The engine "Audi V8" had a rather large resource, about 700-800 thousand km of run, so I liked many motorists who still operate it.

Development of the domestic eight-cylinder engine

Of course, all technologies came to the Soviet Union late. Almost all the developed cars and engines were practically copied from foreign analogues. So, the first GAZ V8 engine was installed on the 13th model, which many know as the "Seagull".

Especially popular this engine was due to two cars - GAZ-53 and ZIL-130. They were considered the most reliable and easy to maintain. Repair of their ICE was simple and did not cause any inconvenience. Of course, over the years they have lost their former power and become ordinary, those that do not surprise.

Modern domestic automotive industry boasts only a few motors. Engines ZMZ V8, which are installed on the "Volga" and "Gazelle" - among them. They showed high technical characteristics and were recognized as one of the best motors that were produced in the post-Soviet space.

Technical specifications and features V8

V8 (engine) - the internal combustion engine, which, by and large, is assembled from two four-row, which were suspended on one crankshaft. In this case, the connecting rods, which were located opposite, were placed on one crankpin of the crankshaft. In the configuration V8 (motor) is unbalanced by the inertia of the pistons and the upper part of the connecting rod in the fastening of the finger. This is accompanied by a vibration that is heard in the cabin.

In order to balance this force, two additional shafts are required, which will rotate twice as fast as the crankshaft and at the same time in different directions. This technology is used on Ferrari or other high-speed ICE.

In the modern world several angles of the cylinders are applied relative to each other: 60, 90 and 180 degrees. Of course, the most common is the first one. On more high-speed versions of cars and mascalcas is 90-degree. And only the manufacturer "Subaru" has distinguished itself: on sports variants of cars the model of engine V8 has an angle of a turn of cylinders of 180 degrees.

Cargo V8 as an integral condition of power

At the beginning of World War II, when there was a sharp need to increase the capacity of trucks and increase their patency, it was decided to install on them engines of class V8. This allowed more ammunition to be transported, as well as to travel around places where traction power was not sufficient before.

In the 60's, all American trucks were equipped with such engines. In Europe, the "Scania" V8 engine deserved special popularity, which, according to its technical data, could pull up to 40 tons of cargo, and the ease of maintenance and reliability earned him the love of truckers.

Of course, to date, the V8 is installed on cars with a carrying capacity of up to 10 tons, since it does not make sense to put on a higher one from an economic point of view. So, on the modern roads, you can meet the following representatives of automotive production with the installed V8-engine: GAZ, MAZ, KAMAZ, MAN, DAF, Foton, FAW and others. The most popular configuration for the truck is the 4.2 liter V8 engine.

Maintenance of V-shaped "eights"

The engine of any car should be regularly serviced to function normally and long-term. What is included in this process? Consider closer:

  1. Replacement of oil and filter elements.
  2. Flushing the fuel system and repairing the fuel pump.
  3. Replacement of spark plugs and filament.
  4. Adjustment of valves.
  5. Replacement of the valve cover and pallet lining.
  6. Ignition adjustment.
  7. In-line replacement of parts that are out of order.

The maintenance of the V8 engine for each car has its own terms, but it is not worthwhile to postpone them, because untimely replacement or repair can lead to different consequences, including a complete replacement of the piston group or the motor assembly.

General concepts of repair of engines with 8 cylinders

Each motor has its own resource of use, and when it is exhausted, it has to be repaired. Repair of such engines should be done at special stations, since only they have equipment that will allow it to be done. The tool can be found at everyone, and here special equipment - is not present.

There are several types of repair V8: streaming, scheduled and capital. The first two are always planned, because it is clear that the parts inside the power unit are out of order, but the latter can suddenly come unexpectedly.

Head block repair

One of the types of repair operations, which is carried out mainly with the wear of the main power unit - the cylinder block. Let's consider the basic operations and spare parts on the example of the engine ZMZ V8:

  1. Of course, the first point is the dismantling of the entire cylinder head. To do this, disconnect everything that is adjacent to it. More detailed instructions can be found for each model of the manufacturer separately.
  2. Disassembly of the cylinder head.
  3. Inspection and measurement of parts that were seized. Definitions of suitability for further use.
  4. Cutting, polishing, grinding and preparation for assembly.
  5. Direct assembly process.
  6. Installation on the car and connection.

It is worth remembering that these operations need to be carried out in a car workshop, since many of them can not be done at home. The engines of ZMZ V8 are quite simple in repair, in comparison with trucks, in which there are many nuances.

The list of the main parts that fail in the cylinder head:

  1. Inlet and outlet valves.
  2. Saddles and stuffing box seals.
  3. Camshafts in individual cases.
  4. Valve tappets.

Almost never break the valve springs and cylinder head shells.

Repair of the block of cylinders

Repair of the power unit is one of the most difficult in the whole car. It has the largest number of nodes, without which the car can not function. So, let's consider the general technological process of repairing this part:

  1. The laborious and the safest is the dismantling of the cylinder block. It is necessary to disconnect all the nodes associated with it, as well as disassemble part of the auxiliary ones. Depending on the type of V8 and car, the process can be 8-16 hours.
  2. Disassembly of the power unit is carried out on a special stand, which allows to wrap it around the axis by 360 degrees.
  3. Diagnosis of disassembled parts. Inspection and measurement. Basically, measure the thickness of the crankshaft necks and the size of the piston channel.
  4. The selection of spare parts is carried out by a specialist in the store or a spare parts manager based on the primary motor data, as well as measurements.
  5. The next stage of repair is grinding the crankshaft on a special machine. The cylinder block is then bored with a honing machine.
  6. The parts are cleaned after each operation. Before starting the assembly, all parts are thoroughly cleaned from chips, dirt and other foreign particles.
  7. The assembly process can take from 16 to 48 hours, depending on the version of the engine.
  8. At the end of all manipulations, a test is carried out, first on a special stand, and then on a car.

The main spare parts that are used in the repair of the cylinder block:

  1. Piston kit or sleeve. Can be bought together or the parts separately.
  2. Root inserts and connecting rods.
  3. Set of gaskets.
  4. The pump is oil.
  5. Omentums to / shaft.
  6. Drive gears.

It is worth noting that the repair of the power unit type V8 - quite expensive. In some cases, even very much. Many specialists in engine repair recommend that the car be serviced in time, as it costs much less than major repairs.

Tuning the "eight"

By and large, nobody tuned up to special tuning for these motors. Of course, in the 70's and 80's on the Maschelk tried to remake something to add power, but it did not work. Modern engineers made the only revision - the installation of a turbo, which added traction characteristics.

As the developer of "Dodge Challenger" confessed: "why improve what is so perfect?". No manufacturer, especially the old American "animals", does not believe that it is necessary to tune the engines of their production, since all that can already be installed and adjusted to maximum capacity.

Diesel engines with V8 configuration

Diesel engines V8 replaced the uneconomical gasoline. Bright representatives in the CIS area is YMZ-238. Over the years, he proved his reliability. It is installed mainly on MAZ cars and some agricultural machinery. Quite simple to repair, and the abundance of spare parts allows you to choose the most optimal option for purchase.

The V8 diesel engine has a lot of power, unlike gasoline, so most car manufacturers switched to its application. Also a big plus is a lower fuel consumption, and the resource of use is increased by 40%.

The most important achievement in the development of this type of engine is considered to be the invention of an electronic fuel distribution with deactivating cylinders. For the first time it was used on "Dodge Challenger". Now many well-known automakers use this technology at the G8.

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