Zener TL431: connection diagram

The TL431 is an integrated zener diode. In the circuit, it plays the role of a reference voltage source. The present element is used, as a rule, in power units. The zener diode device is quite simple. In total, the model uses three outputs. Depending on the modification in the case can accommodate up to ten transistors. A distinctive feature of TL431 is good thermal stability.

Switching scheme at 2.48 V

At zener diode TL431 the circuit of inclusion on 2.48 In has the single-stage converter. On average, the operating current in the system reaches a level of 5.3 A. Resistors for signal transmission can be used with different voltage conductivities. The accuracy of stabilization in these devices fluctuates around 2%.

To increase the sensitivity of the zener diode, various modulators are used. As a rule, the dipole type is selected. On average, their capacitance is not more than 3 pF. However, in this case much depends on the conductivity of the current. Expanders are used to reduce the risk of overheating of the elements. Zener diodes are connected through a cathode.

Switching the device on 3.3 V

The zener diode TL431 incorporates a 3.3V switching circuit using a single-stage converter. Resistors for impulse transmission are of a selective type. Still at zener diode TL431 the circuit of inclusion 3.3 volts has modulator of small capacity. To reduce the risk of short circuits, use fuses. They are installed, as a rule, behind zener diodes.

To amplify the signal, you can not do without filters. On average, the threshold voltage fluctuates around 5 W. The operating current of the system is not more than 3.5 A. As a rule, the accuracy of stabilization does not exceed 3%. It is also important to note that the zener diode can be connected via a vector adapter. In this case, the transistor is selected of a reasonable type. The average modulator capacitance should be 4.2 pF. Thyristors are used both in phase and in open type. To increase the conductance of the current, triggers are necessary.

To date, these elements are equipped with amplifiers of different power. On the average, the threshold voltage in the system is 3.1 W. The working current index varies around 3.5 A. It is also important to take into account the output resistance. The presented parameter should be no more than 80 Ohm.

Connection to the 14 V circuit

The zener diode TL431 incorporates a 14V switching scheme using a scalar converter. The average threshold voltage is 3W. As a rule, the operating current does not exceed 5 A. At the same time, the permissible overload fluctuates around 4 Ah. Also in the Zener diode TL431, the 14V switch-on circuit has both single-pole and two-pole amplifiers. To improve the conductivity, you can not do without the tetrode. It can be used with one or two filters.

Zener A series

For power supplies and inverters, the A Series TL431 is used. How to check the correctness of the connection of the element? In fact, it can be done with a tester. The threshold resistance should be 80 ohms. The device can be operated through single-stage and vector-type converters. Resistors in this case are used with an overlay.

Speaking about the parameters, the rated voltage of the circuit does not exceed 5 W. In this case, the operating current fluctuates around 3.4 A. To reduce the risk of overheating of transistors, expanders are used. For Series A models, they are only suitable for switching type. To increase the sensitivity of the device, powerful modulators are needed. On average, the output resistance parameter does not exceed 70 ohms.

CLP Series

The TL431 is equipped with single-stage converters. You can meet the CLP model both in inverters and in many consumer devices. The threshold voltage of the zener diode fluctuates around 3 watts. The operating current is 3.5 A. The accuracy of stabilization of the elements does not exceed 2.5%. To adjust the output signal, modulators of different types are used. Triggers in this case are selected with amplifiers.

Zener series ACLP

The TL431 is equipped with a vector circuit or scalar converters. If we consider the first option, then the working current level is not more than 4 A. In this case, the accuracy of stabilization is about 4%. Triggers and thyristors are used to amplify the signal.

If we consider the connection scheme with a scalar converter, then the modulators are used with a capacitance of about 6 pF. Directly transistors are used resonant type. To amplify the signal, normal triggers are suitable. It is also important to note that the sensitivity of the device fluctuates around 20 mV.

AC Models

For dipole inverters, a Chery AS zener diode TL431 is often used. How to check the operability of the connected element? You can do this with a conventional tester. The output resistance parameter must not exceed 70 ohms. It is also important to note that the devices in this series are switched on via a vector converter.

In this case scalar modifications are not suitable. This is largely due to the low current conduction threshold. It is also important to note that the rated voltage does not exceed 4 W. The operating current in the circuit is maintained at a level of 2 A. To reduce the heat loss, various thyristors are used. To date, there are expansion and phase modifications.

Models with housing KT-26

In household electrical appliances, the zener diode TL431 is often found with the KT-26 housing. The inclusion scheme implies the use of dipole modulators. They are produced with different current conductivity. The parameter of the limiting sensitivity of the system fluctuates around 430 mV.

Immediately the output resistance reaches no more than 70 Ohm. Triggers in this case are used only with amplifiers. To reduce the risk of short circuits, open and closed type filters are used. Directly the zener diode is connected through the cathode.

Case KT-47

TL431 (stabilizer) with housing KT-47 can be found in power units of different capacities. The scheme of inclusion of an element implies the use of vector converters. The modulator for circuits is suitable for up to 4 pF. The output impedance of the devices is approximately 70 ohms. To improve the conductivity of zener diodes, only radiating type tetrodes are used. As a rule, the accuracy of stabilization does not exceed 2%.

For 5 V power supplies

In 5 V power supply units, the TL431 is switched on via amplifiers with different current conductivities. Directly the converters are of the single-stage type. Also, in some cases, vector modifications are used. On average, the output resistance is about 90 Ohm. The accuracy of stabilization in devices is 2%. Expanders for blocks are used both as a switched and open type. Triggers can only be used with filters. To date, they are produced with one and several elements.

Switching scheme for 10 V units

The scheme of zener diode inclusion in the power unit implies the use of a single-stage or vector converter. If we consider the first variant, then the modulator is selected with a capacitance of 4 pF. In this case, the trigger is used only with amplifiers. Sometimes filters are used to increase the sensitivity of a zener diode. The threshold voltage of the circuit is 5.5 W on the average. The operating current of the system fluctuates around 3.2 A.

The stabilization parameter, as a rule, does not exceed 3%. If we consider a circuit with a vector converter, then we can not do without a transceiver. It can be used either open or chromatic. The modulator is installed with a capacity of 5.2 pF. The expander is rare. In some cases, it is capable of increasing the sensitivity of a zener diode. However, it is important to take into account that the thermal losses of the element are significantly increased.

Scheme for 15 V units

The TL431 is connected via a 15-volt unit using a single-stage inverter. In turn, the modulator is suitable with a capacity of 5 pF. Resistors are used exclusively selective type. If we consider modifications with flip-flops, then the threshold voltage parameter does not exceed 3 W. The accuracy of stabilization is in the region of 3%. Filters for the system are suitable for both open and closed types.

It is also important to note that the expander can be installed in the circuit. To date, the models are mainly manufactured in a commutated type. In modifications with transceivers, the current conductivity does not exceed 4 microns. In this case, the sensitivity index of the zener diode fluctuates around 30 mV. The output resistance reaches approximately 80 ohms.

For car inverters

For car inverters are often used series of AS zener diode TL431. The inclusion scheme in this case implies the use of two-digit triodes. Directly the filters are of the open type. If we consider circuits without an expander, then the threshold voltage fluctuates around 10 W.

Directly operating current is 4 A. The system overload parameter is allowed in 3 mA. If we consider modifications with expanders, then in this case high-capacity modulators are installed. Resistors are used as a standard selective type.

In some cases, different power amplifiers are used. The parameter of the threshold voltage, as a rule, does not exceed 12 W. The output resistance of the system can vary from 70 to 80 ohms. The stabilization accuracy is approximately 2%. The operating current of the systems is not more than 4.5 A. Directly connecting the zener diodes occurs through the cathode.