X-ray picture: description of the procedure, transcript and recommendations

Radiography is one of the research methods, the basis of it is the production of a fixed image by X-rays. The result is usually obtained on an X-ray film or taken out (if digital devices were used) on a monitor screen or paper. The study is based on the passage of X-rays through the tissues of the body. Usually X-ray is used as a diagnostic method. To obtain more accurate results, an x-ray photograph is used in two projections.

Chest X-ray

Radiography of WGCs (chest organs) is the most common method of examination, which allows to reveal pathology from the respiratory, as well as cardiovascular systems, ribs, thoracic spine, arising from various injuries and diseases.

How do X-rays work? Passing through the body and organs, they are absorbed in different ways. The result is an x-ray photograph. Fabrics of a more dense structure look white on it, those that are softer are dark. After the manifestation and drying, the radiologist assesses the resulting picture. An X-ray picture of the lungs will show all the pathologies, if any, will indicate possible diseases.

Modern digital devices simplify the procedure, while the dose of radiation is significantly reduced. There is also mobile equipment, which allows you to examine bedridden patients.

X-ray capabilities and interpretation of the result

Chest X-ray helps detect the following pathologies in the body:

• Respiratory system: bronchitis, pneumosclerosis, pleurisy, tuberculosis, cancer, atelectasis of the lungs, pneumonia. X-rays are decoded by the doctor and immediately sees a possible disease.
• Cardiovascular system: myocarditis, pericarditis, changes in the heart in size.
• Mediastinum: displacement of structures, mediastinitis.
• The musculoskeletal skeleton of the chest: fractures of the sternum or ribs, vertebrae, hemothorax, pneumothorax, wounds of the mediastinum, heart.

Also, radiography is used to monitor the dynamics of recovery in the treatment of pneumonia. However, X-rays can not be called a universal diagnostic method. For example, the nature of the tumor can not be assessed by X-rays, and this study is also limited for immobile patients. For such exceptional cases, computed tomography is used.

When deciphering the result of the X-ray image of a WGC, the doctor evaluates the size and shape of the mediastinum, the structure of the chest and soft tissues, the transparency of the pulmonary field, the intensity of the pattern, the position and structure of the roots of the lungs, the shape of pleural sinuses and diaphragm domes.

Preparation and conduct of the procedure

No special training is required for the procedure of radiography of WGCs. The doctor recommends only removing clothes and jewelry from the area that will be irradiated. Also, you need to remove all items that may interfere with the study (glasses, dentures). If there is a need for the presence of a relative of the patient, a protective lead apron is put on it.

Having removed clothes, the patient is located opposite the photographic plate. The doctor leaves the room to the console, he needs to lift his shoulders, pull himself to the plate and hold his breath for a while. It is impossible to move with this. If the patient does not have the opportunity to take a vertical position, it is placed on the table. In this case, relatives or a nurse help him.

The examination is painless, does not cause any unpleasant sensations. The only discomfort is the cool temperature in the room. The X-ray image will be ready within 15 minutes. You will be given it right away along with the description. Based on this, the doctor will diagnose or send for further examination.

X-ray pictures of teeth

X-ray research has become widespread in dentistry. The snapshot not only makes it possible to track pathologies, but also reveals deviations in the structure of the jaws. X-ray diagnosis is important in choosing the best treatment options.

There are several types of x-rays in dentistry:

• Panoramic view . This picture allows the doctor to evaluate the entire panorama of the location of the teeth, determine their number, see not cut teeth, rudiments. The anatomical structure of the jaw and nasal sinuses is also seen. Panoramic snapshot is important for implantation of teeth, correction of bite, removal of wisdom teeth.
• Bitten . Otherwise, this picture is called interproximal radiography. A common type of snapshot. Apply it to identify periodontitis, caries. Sometimes a bite is taken after setting the crown to check the correctness of the procedure.
• Aim . With the help of a snapshot you can accurately see what a sick tooth looks like, establish the correct treatment regimen. Sight shot allows you to see no more than four teeth.
• Digital . Safe modern diagnostics. 3D-X-ray makes it possible to get a clear picture of the entire tooth row and individual teeth. A three-dimensional image is displayed on the screen, after studying the doctor determines the methods of treatment.

Procedure for taking a picture

X-ray images of teeth are performed on the recommendation of the dentist: in cases of caries detection, with malocclusion, diseases of peri-toothed tissues, pulpitis, cyst, jaw injuries, abscesses.

Before the study, it is recommended that the patient take off all metal products, jewelry: they can distort the image data. The procedure depends on the type of picture. Takes a few minutes to study. Irradiation has a minimal dose. The session takes place in a special room. The patient bites the photosensitive film, it should be between the apparatus and the tooth being examined.

When using a computer radiovisiograph, a special apron is worn on the patient, the sensor is placed on the area under examination and connected to the device. The result is displayed on the computer.

When using an orthopantomograph, the radiograph is performed as follows: the patient becomes attached to the apparatus, the chin is fixed to the support. The block is clamped with teeth, which prevents the jaws from closing. The patient should stand still. The device rotates around the head several times. Pictures can be received on the same day.

Explanation of the snapshot

Based on the x-ray image of the teeth, the doctor writes the conclusion, which indicates the number of teeth, the size and their location. All detected pathologies also appear in the conclusion.

The picture shows the location of each tooth, the slope, the condition of the bones. Darkening in the picture indicates the presence of pulpitis, denticles. Defects of tooth enamel mean caries. Where density is reduced, blemishes are noticeable. If caries is complex, the structure of the tooth is deformed, granulomas are formed.

A cyst can be detected - a clear contour of a homogeneous structure of an elongated shape. The cyst is located at the root of the tooth, it can be small and large. Large cysts can affect two teeth at once. Chronic periodontitis is seen as a sharp darkening in the image at the top of the root. With periodontal disease, a diminished bone marrow area is visible, atrophic processes and sclerotic changes are visible.

Roentgen of the spine

When does the doctor recommend X-rays of the spine?

• With pain in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar region.
• With muscular lumbar pains of an unclear nature.
• With restriction of limb mobility.
• With injuries, falls and bruises.
• With suspicions of degenerative changes in the bones.
• When diagnosing curvatures, osteochondrosis, scoliosis.

It is recommended to perform X-ray images in two projections: side and line. X-ray pictures are made by a radiologist, he assesses the contours of the vertebrae, the intervals between them, the intensity of the color, the presence of growths. After this, an experienced specialist is able to immediately diagnose, determine the probable prognosis and the need for surgical treatment.

How is the procedure performed?

To photograph the upper spine, no special preparation is required. If examining the lumbosacral department, it is recommended to prepare in advance:

• It is necessary to completely clear the intestine, otherwise the diagnosis will be difficult to put correctly.
• Exclude from the diet two days before the procedure products that promote fermentation: bread, milk, legumes, coarse fiber.
• On the eve it is necessary to exclude dinner, before the procedure - breakfast.
• Refuse alcohol and smoking.
• Before the procedure, cleanse the intestines with an enema.
• At the time of shooting, there should be no metal objects on the body.
• Stay still.

The examination for the patient is absolutely painless. It is held for 10-15 minutes. Pictures with descriptions are immediately given out on hands.