Why the Earth's relief is very diverse. Impact forces

There are two main factors that affect the formation of different surface forms, say, from different sides of the earth's crust. Thus, many actions have been divided, which explain why the relief of the Earth is very diverse. But first, let's see what the concept of "relief" bears in itself.

The term "relief" and its meaning

This word is of French origin, or some sources explain it, translating it in classical Latin, and it applies to several industries - construction, art. But in all senses, its value is one - it is a combination of unevennesses. For sculpture, these irregularities are created artificially by man, in construction, the human hand also makes efforts to create this or that form. But on a world scale, a person occupies the third honorary place among the forces that influence why the Earth's relief is very diverse.

Groups of reliefs, or To what categories are those or other entities

To begin with, let us recall what forms there are on the earth's surface. All types of land relief are divided into positive and negative. To positive are any elevations above the imaginary horizontal plane, negative - on the contrary, under it. That is, the first group includes mountains, hills, hillocks, plateaus. To the second group - hollows, crevices, valleys, beams. And now more about the diversity of the Earth's relief, namely, what creates it.

The first place is the internal forces of the earth

These forces have a scientific name - endogenous. What is their impact?

Initially, the relief of the entire surface of the Earth was subjected to intense internal forces. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions are the most obvious manifestations of them, which, if we carefully study the research of anthropologists, have very intensively changed the Earth's landscapes, and now quite often crust the earth's crust, and consequently, the surface's new growth. In addition, the lithospheric plates are in constant slow motion, which also affects the creation of the relief. Why is the Earth's relief diverse in terms of internal forces? Because in connection with all the processes under the earth's crust, its changes take place outside. So there are mountains, ocean hollows, plains and uplands. The lithospheric plates (seven large and dozens of small ones) move, collide, move apart, forming the highest mountains (Alps, Himalayas, etc.) or deep depressions on land and under water (the Mariana Trench is the most striking example).

What we are seeing now is the result of plate movement for many millions or even billions of years, corrected by the following type of impact on the relief.

Second place - the external forces of the earth

The scientific name of these forces is exogenous. Why is the Earth's relief very diverse due to these influences?

The sun, wind, precipitation - all these everyday phenomena are directly related to the formation of a particular surface shape. All the formations that have emerged under the influence of internal forces, are beginning to be transformed also because of them. So, the sun heats the mountain peaks. Substances, minerals, which are present in the composition of mountains, have different thermal conductivity and other physical properties. Because of this, unevenly expanding, they lose strong bonds between themselves, exfoliating, dismembering and, eventually, turning into sand. And if we add to this the effect of water, which in warm times penetrates into all the smallest cracks, and during the temperature decrease turns into ice, which, accordingly, expands and spreads the cracks, aggravating them, this eventually leads to the same destruction. That is why the relief of the Earth is very diverse, because these processes occur every minute all over the Earth.

Do not forget about the action of rivers, lakes, oceans on the adjacent zones. So, the coastlines can grow or decrease year by year, depending on the direction of the waters. This can happen hardly noticeable, but still happen.

The third place is a person

He is considered to be an external force, but I would like to single out this influence in a separate category. The development of technology gives man an equivalent opportunity to go out into space and climb deep into the earth's crust (the main thing is that the financing is good, the space here is still playing). Extraction of resources (oil, gas, ores, rock salt, other minerals) is increasingly changing the once habitual landscapes. Dehydration of swamps, deforestation, the creation of reservoirs, other effects on the diversity of the Earth's relief can change the microclimate of individual areas, forcing animals to look for themselves completely different habitats. And this happens everywhere, and it is not always possible to call this influence useful. If in the case of wind it is impossible to call him to account - this is the element, then man, as a reasonable being, would seem to understand the destructiveness of his actions, and make reasonable decisions. It would seem.

And what is the result

As a result, it appears that the modern relief of the Earth is the result of the interaction of all these forces, and they continue daily, continuously, and even right now, while your eyes read this long phrase, to act slowly but surely changing the outlines of our planet. And it is possible that descendants after a few hundred years will be very surprised, finding an old map of the relief, for example, for 1995, what the world was like at that time.