Who is an entrepreneur? Entrepreneur's rights. Self employed

For the first time the term "entrepreneur" was introduced in about 1800. This word was used by Jean-Baptiste Say - a French economist. The private businessman, by his definition, was a man who transferred economic resources from unproductive to highly productive sphere and reaped fruits from this activity.

Historical reference

In the Russian pre-revolutionary trade legislation, the businessman was called a merchant. He was recognized as a person who carried out commercial transactions in the form of fishing from himself. In the USSR, entrepreneurs were recognized legally after the Act came into force on November 19, 1986. This normative act permitted individual work in the field of handicrafts, consumer services, other activities that were based solely on the individual labor of people and their relatives.

Textbook Shcherbatykh

The definition of who an entrepreneur is, can be found in various reference and educational publications. For example, in Shcherbatykh's manual, a sufficiently capacious characterization is given. A private entrepreneur, as the textbook says, is a person of a certain warehouse who, in an effort to make a profit, independently chooses a way of carrying out his economic activities. Together with this, he is responsible for the results of property liability. Speaking of who is an entrepreneur, Shcherbatykh mentions that at the first stages of his activity a businessman fulfills the duties of an employee, hired manager and owner of capital.

Popular dictionary of Kiperman

It says that entrepreneurship is one of the effective methods by which incentives for high-productivity work, economic motivation are supported. The real owner will always be an entrepreneur, if you mean an individual citizen or a work collective. To commerce, you can include any types of hozdejatelnosti, if their implementation is not contrary to the law.

The economic dictionary of Efon and Brockhaus

This publication defines the enterprise. It is an economy that is conducted in the calculation of profit through the sale of products in the form of exchange or sale. By this feature, the enterprise is distinguished from the natural economy. In the latter production is designed to directly meet the needs of its members. Today, in a pure form, subsistence farming is rare, since such activities are increasingly included in the exchange system.

Economic Dictionary ed. Azriliyana

This edition also defines who is an entrepreneur. The description is somewhat different from the concept used in the textbook Shcherbatykh. According to the economic dictionary, an individual entrepreneur is a person engaged in commercial activities and is seeking funds to organize a business, thereby accepting a risk. The publication also defines the initiative. It is understood as a form of sales and production management, which includes the development of new competitive projects. The entrepreneurial initiative, as the author says, is the rapid introduction of the most effective ideas and the organization of a system of measures for the most effective and quickest possible sale of new products manufactured using new technologies.

Other definitions

In his dictionary, Ozhegov also explains who is an entrepreneur. According to Ozhegov, the capitalist, the owner of the case, a prominent figure, a practical and enterprising person, acts as the latter. In one of his articles, Stevenson defines entrepreneurship as a management science, the essence of which can be formulated as a pursuit of opportunities without regard to resources that are at a particular moment under control. In other countries, the notion of "merchant" is common. Such status is recognized for the person who carries out transactions and other economic acts in the form of entrepreneurship.

The legislative framework

The regulatory acts in force today not only determine who is an entrepreneur, but also establish the legal capabilities and responsibilities of traders. The activities are envisaged and protected by the Constitution. Entrepreneur's rights are in fact inseparable from the legally guaranteed ability to dispose of their own property. In this connection, entrepreneurs who are carrying out episodic activities are also called entrepreneurs, without any documents permitting its administration. For example, these people can be attributed to those who resell the goods. According to the current regulations, commercial activities, which are carried out by persons not registered as entrepreneurs or not entitled to it by law, are prosecuted by the Criminal Code.

FZ of 1991

The federal law establishes the right of citizens to conduct entrepreneurial activities individually, without using hired labor, and by forming an enterprise with the involvement of workers. For this, a person must register as an unincorporated business. Thus, he becomes an entrepreneur without a legal entity. For such merchants, the law provides for certain restrictions, a special accounting procedure, documentation requirements. When carrying out certain operations, the trustee of an entrepreneur may act. His powers confirm the power of attorney, notarized.

Social Entrepreneur

It can form and manage non-commercial and commercial organizations. However, in both cases, their functioning is determined by the fulfillment of a certain mission. For such an activity, a citizen must have a number of qualities:

• Prosociality. It manifests itself in the care of the rights and welfare of other citizens, the desire to benefit them.
• Motivation. This quality implies the willingness to support the organization, going beyond the limits of official duty.
• Proactivity. It provides for the individual's ability to take the initiative to change the situation for the better.