Which bones form the thorax? Bones of human chest

The human musculoskeletal system consists of a combination of many bones and the muscles that connect them. The most important parts are the cranium, chest, spine.

The bones of the human chest are formed throughout life. In the process of growth and development of the body this division of the skeleton is also transformed. There is a change not only in size but also in shape.

In order to know which bones form the thorax, general knowledge of all the components of the system is necessary. To begin with, we consider the locomotor system as a whole.

The human skeleton consists of two hundred bones, the total weight of which is measured in kilograms: 10 for men and 7 for women. The form of each detail is inherent in nature so that they can perform their functions, which are very many. Blood vessels that pierce the bones deliver nutrients and oxygen to them. Nerve endings contribute to a timely response to the needs of the body.

Structure of the human skeleton

This huge complex can be considered for a long time and in great detail. Let us dwell on the basics. To make it easier to study the structure of a person, the skeleton is conditionally divided into 4 divisions:

- skull;

- frame of the trunk;

- vertebral column;

- upper and lower parts of the body.

And the backbone is the basis for the entire system. The spine is formed by five sections:

- the neck;

- sternum;

- low back;

- sacral region;

- coccyx.

Functions and fundamentals of the structure of the chest

Bones of the chest, resembling the figure of the pyramid, contain and warn of the external mechanical effects of vital organs: a heart with blood vessels, lungs with bronchi and trachea branch, esophagus and numerous lymph nodes.

This department of the skeleton consists of twelve vertebrae, sternum and ribs. The first are the constituent parts of the skeleton. In order for the connection of the bones of the thorax to the vertebrae to be reliable, the surface of each has an articular costal fossa. This method of fastening makes it possible to achieve great strength.

Which bones form the chest

The sternum is a fairly common name for the bone located in front of the ribs. It is considered to be composite, it distinguishes three parts:

• lever;
• body;
• Xiphoid process.

The anatomical configuration of the bone of the sternum of a person varies with time, it is directly related to the alteration of the position of the body and the center of gravity. In addition, the volume of the lung grows when the skeleton is being formed. The transformation of the ribs with age makes it possible to increase the amplitude of the sternum and to breathe freely. Proper development of the department is very important for the normal functioning of the whole organism.

The chest cell, the photo of which can be seen in the article, has the shape of a cone and remains so until three to four years. At six, it varies depending on the development of the upper and lower zones of the sternum, increases the angle of inclination of the ribs. By the age of twelve or thirteen she is fully formed.

The physical load and landing affect the bones of the human chest. Physical training will help it become wider and more voluminous, and incorrect landing (more about the posture of schoolchildren at a desk or at a computer desk) will cause the spine and all parts of the skeleton to develop incorrectly.

This can lead to scoliosis, stoop, and in certain severe cases and to problems with internal organs. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct educational discussions with the child about the importance of posture.

Structure of the rib

When it comes to the question of which bones form the chest, the first thing they remember is them. Ribs are an important part of this department of the skeleton. In medicine, all twelve pairs are divided into three groups:

• The true ribs are the first seven pairs, attached to the sternum by a skeletal cartilage;
• False ribs - the next three pairs are attached not to the sternum, but to the intercostal cartilage;
• Floating ribs - the final two pairs do not have a connection with the central bone.

They have a flattened shape and a porous structure. The rib has cartilaginous and bony parts. The latter is defined by three divisions: the body of the rib, the head and the articular surface. All ribs have the shape of a spiral plate. The more its curvature, the thoracic cage is more mobile, it all depends on the age and sex of the person.

During intrauterine development of the human, in rare cases an abnormality is observed, which leads to the appearance of an additional rib in the neck or lumbar region. Also in mammals, the number of ribs is greater than that of a person, this is explained by the horizontal position of their body.

Now that we have figured out which bones form the thorax, we can talk about what tissues they are made of. They differ from each other not only functions, but also properties.

Bone

She is Constructs the skull, limbs and trunk. It is also important that bone tissue determines the shape of the body. It is divided into:

• Coarse - fiber - is typical for the initial stages of development;
• Plastic tissue - is involved in the creation of the skeleton.
• Cartilaginous tissue - is formed by chondrocytes and cellular substances with high density, they perform a supporting function and are a component of different parts of the skeleton.

Its cells are of two types: osteoblasts and osteocytes. If you look at the composition of this tissue, you can see that on 33% it consists of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The rest is accounted for by inorganic substances, such as calcium, magnesium, fluoride and calcium carbonate and others. It is interesting that in our body there is citric acid, 90% of it is contained in bone tissue.

Connective tissue

The bones of the chest are fastened together and with the muscles of the skeleton with the help of cartilages and tendons. These are the types of connective tissue. It can be of different types. For example, the blood is also a connective tissue.

It is so diverse that it seems as if only she does everything in the body. Any cells of this kind perform a variety of functions, depending on what kind of tissue they form:

• Base human organs;
• Saturate cells and tissues;
• Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body;
• Unite all varieties of tissues, warn the organs of internal damage.

Depending on the functions, it is divided into:

• Loose loose fibrous;
• Dense fibrous unformed;
• Dense fibrous form.

The connection of the bones of the thorax is carried out by a fibrous tissue from the first group. It has a loose texture that accompanies vessels, nerve endings. It fences the internal organs from each other in the cavity of the chest and abdomen.

The spine is the base of the skeleton

The spine helps keep the back and is the support for soft organs and tissues. The spine and thorax are connected by an important function: it helps to keep the cavity in the desired position.

It is formed from thirty two to thirty four vertebrae, which have holes for the passage of the spinal cord. This allows us to well protect the basis of our nervous system.

Intervertebral discs consist of fibrous cartilage, which promotes mobility of the spine. An important requirement for it is considered the possibility of bending. Due to this, it is able to "spring", due to which, strokes, jerks during running and walking fade, protecting the bone marrow from concussions.

Very important functions

Since the musculoskeletal system consists mostly of bone tissue, then, knowing its role in the body, you can say the same thing about the body's base, and about the thorax separately. So, the functions:

• Supporting;
• Participation in mineral and fat metabolism;
• Protective;
• Mechanical.

It is important to know what our body is made of and what processes take place in it, what role this or that department of the skeleton plays, how to properly develop and strengthen it. This will help to avoid some ailments and live fully, doing sports and favorite things.