Which bacteria are considered sanitarians of the planet: a short answer

The majority of living organisms on the planet are not capable of independently producing organic matter necessary for their vital activity, and therefore they must use the already existing organic substances, using special enzymes for this.

Autotrophs and heterotrophs

First of all it is necessary to say that the primary producers of organic elements, that is, those that contain carbon, is a large number of plants using the process of photosynthesis for this. This method of nutrition is called autotrophic.

Another way of producing organic substances is chemosynthesis, in which organic matter is produced from sulfur, paraffins, proteins and even hydrogen by complex oxidation-reduction reactions. This way of feeding is common among colonies of microorganisms living at great depths.

It is organic substances produced by other organisms in the process of photosynthesis and chemosynthesis that feed on organisms that use heterotrophic nutrition. Thus, heterotrophs occupy a higher position in the food chain, but at the same time are dependent on other organisms.

Heterotrophs: saprophytes, scans and biotrophs

Among the living organisms various nutrition strategies are common. Autotrophic nutrition is inherent in highly organized multicellular organisms, while fungi and protozoa preferred heterotrophic nutrition during evolution.

Heterotrophic nutrition includes several basic strategies for obtaining energy from already prepared organic matter.

For example, the way that mushrooms and some bacteria receive energy from the environment is called survey, that is, the receipt of nutrients directly through the cell wall. To do this, the fungi have a set of different enzymes, which the substance is pre-cleaved in the environment surrounding the walls of the fungus.

The upper stages of the food chain are biotrophs, which include animals that feed on plants, and animals that feed on other animals, that is, predators.

Of great importance for the ecosystem of the whole planet are also the saprotropha bacteria - as in modern biology the organisms known as saprophytes are called.

Ammonification as the foundation of the food pyramid

To understand what is the turnover of organic matter in nature and what role microorganisms play in this complex process, it is worthwhile to answer the question of what bacteria are considered sanitarians of the planet.

Strange as it may sound, but one of the most important processes on the planet is ammonification, that is putrefaction. This is a rather complicated process from the chemical point of view, which takes a long time.

For the implementation of this process, microorganisms that feed on organic matter, and hence any substance containing protein, are responsible. The importance of this process from the biological point of view has provided the widest distribution of ammonifying bacteria, which are found in huge quantities in water, soil, food and living organisms. Once the bacterium is in sufficient quantity on a suitable substrate, the decay process is started.

Here are the bacteria that are considered sanitarians of the planet:

• Spore-forming bacteria of the bacillus genus;
• Clostridia;
• Enterobacteria.

These microorganisms trigger the process of the most profound decomposition of proteins into various nitrogenous and nitrogen-free compounds, which, falling into water, air and soil, serve as a food for plants, which in turn again use them for the production of organic compounds, that is, growth and reproduction.

Determining what bacteria are considered sanitarians of the planet, it is worth concentrating on the benefits that ecosystems bring to them. At the same time, it is necessary to point out the possible harm to economic and economic activity.

Why saprotropha bacteria are considered sanitarians of nature

One of the most common chemical elements in nature is nitrogen, which is necessary for the growth of plants and living organisms. During its growth and development, plants consume large amounts of free nitrogen from soil, air and water. At the same time, nitrogen binds and becomes inaccessible for further use.

After the death of the body, this nitrogen is in a state in which it can not benefit other plants. It is at this stage that bacteria come into play, the main feature of which is heterotrophic nutrition. Slowly, but effectively, they break down all the constituent substances of organic matter into the simplest elements, which, therefore, return to the circulation of nature.

From saprophytes is not only good

Finding out what bacteria are considered sanitarians of the planet, you can also call and bacteria saprotrophy, which can bring human harm. Although the human intestinal microflora contains a certain amount of putrefactive bacteria, their excessive reproduction can harm a person.

The most harmful saprotrophs include eskerichia, clostridium and streptococci.

In addition, some types of bacteria cause premature spoilage of food products, causing great economic harm.