Arguments: the problem of historical memory. Arguments from works

It is in the past that a person finds the source for the formation of consciousness, the search for his place in the surrounding world and society. If you lose memory, all social connections are lost. It is a certain life experience, an awareness of the experiences.

What is the historical memory

It presupposes the preservation of historical and social experience. It is on how carefully in the family, the city, the country belong to the traditions, the historical memory directly depends . The essay on this problem is often found in test assignments on literature in grade 11. We will also pay some attention to this issue.

The sequence of formation of historical memory

Historical memory has several stages of formation. After a while people forget about what happened. Life constantly presents new episodes, filled with emotions and unusual impressions. Moreover, often in articles and fiction, the events of the past are distorted, the authors not only change their meaning, but also make changes in the course of the battle, the location of forces. The problem of historical memory appears. Arguments from life each author brings his own, taking into account the personal vision of the described historical past. Thanks to the different interpretation of one event, the inhabitants have the opportunity to draw their own conclusions. Of course, in order to justify your idea, you need arguments. The problem of historical memory exists in a society deprived of freedom of speech. Total censorship leads to the distortion of real events, to the representation of their broad layers of the population only in the right perspective. True memory can live and develop only in a democratic society. In order for information to pass to the next generations without visible distortion, it is important to be able to compare events that occur in real time with facts from a past life.

The conditions for the formation of historical memory

Arguments on "The problem of historical memory" can be found in many works of the classics. In order for society to develop, it is important to analyze the experience of ancestors, to do "work on mistakes", to use the rational grain that was in the past generations.

V.Soloukhin's "Black Boards"

What is the main problem of historical memory? Arguments from the literature will be considered on the example of this work. The author narrates about the plundering of the church in his native village. There is a surrender of unique books as scrap paper, boxes are made of priceless icons. A carpentry workshop is organized right at the church in Stavrovo. Another opens the machine and tractor station. They come here trucks, caterpillar tractors, store barrels of fuel. The author bitterly says that neither the barn, nor the crane can replace the Moscow Kremlin, the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl. You can not have a rest house in the monastery building, where the graves of Pushkin's relatives, Tolstoy are. The problem of preserving historical memory rises in the work. Arguments cited by the author are indisputable. Not those who are dead, lying under gravestones, need memory, and alive!

Article by DS Likhachev

In his article "Love, Respect, Knowledge," the academician raises the topic of mockery of the people's shrine, namely, tells about the explosion of the monument to Bagration, the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812. Likhachev raised the problem of the historical memory of the people. Arguments, cited by the author, concern vandalism in relation to a given work of art. After all, the monument was the gratitude of the people to the Georgian brother, who courageously fought for the independence of Russia. Who could destroy the cast-iron monument? Only those who have no idea about the history of their country, do not like the Motherland, are not proud of the Motherland.

Views on patriotism

What other arguments can you give? The problem of historical memory is raised in "Letters from the Russian Museum", written by V. Soloukhin. He says that, slashing their roots, trying to absorb foreign, foreign culture, a person loses his individuality. This Russian argument of the problems of historical memory is supported by other patriots of Russia. Likhachev developed the "Declaration of Culture", in which the author calls for the protection and support of cultural traditions at the international level. The scientist emphasizes that without the citizens' knowledge of the culture of the past, the present state will have no future. It is in the "spiritual security" of a nation that national existence is made. Between external and internal culture there should be interaction, only in this case the society will rise on the steps of historical development.

The problem of historical memory in the literature of the 20th century

In the literature of the last century, the central issue was the issue of responsibility for the terrible consequences of the past, the problem of historical memory was present in the works of many authors. Arguments from literature serve as direct proof. For example, AT Tvardovsky called in his poem "On the Right of Memory" to rethink the sad experience of totalitarianism. Anna Akhmatova did not ignore this problem in the famous "Requiem". It reveals all the injustice, lawlessness that prevailed at that time in society, gives weighty arguments. The problem of historical memory can be traced in the works of AI Solzhenitsyn. His story "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" contains a verdict to the state system of the time, in which lie and injustice became priorities.

Care for the cultural heritage

The center of general attention is the issues connected with the preservation of monuments of antiquity. In the severe post-revolutionary period, characterized by a change in the political system, there was a widespread destruction of former values. Russian intellectuals tried by all means to preserve the cultural relics of the country. DS Likhachev opposed the building of Nevsky Prospekt typical multi-storey buildings. What other arguments can you give? The problem of historical memory was also affected by Russian cinematographers. With the funds collected by them, it was possible to restore the manors Abramtsevo and Kuskovo. What is the problem of the historical memory of the war? Arguments from the literature indicate that this issue was relevant at all times. A.S. Pushkin said that "disrespect for ancestors is the first sign of immorality."

The theme of the war in historical memory

What is a historical memory? The composition on this subject can be written on the basis of the work of Chingiz Aitmatov "Burannyi polustanik." His hero, mankurt, is a man who was forcibly deprived of his memory. He became a slave who has no past. He does not remember his name or parents, that is, it is difficult for him to realize himself as a person. The writer warns that such a creature is dangerous for the social community.

Before the Victory Day among young people, a sociological survey was conducted . The questions concerned the date of the beginning and end of the Great Patriotic War, important battles, military leaders. The answers received were depressing. Many children have no idea about the date of the outbreak of war, nor about the enemy of the USSR, they have never heard of GK Zhukov, the Battle of Stalingrad. The survey showed how urgent the problem of the historical memory of the war is. The arguments cited by the "reformers" of the history course program at the school, which reduced the number of hours allocated for the study of the Great Patriotic War, are associated with student overload. This approach has led to the fact that the modern generation forgets the past, therefore, important dates in the history of the country will not be transferred to the next generation. If you do not respect your history, do not honor your own ancestors, your historical memory is lost. The essay for the successful delivery of the USE can be argued with the words of the Russian classic A. P. Chekhov. He noted that for freedom man needs the whole globe. But without its purpose, its existence will be absolutely meaningless. Considering the arguments to the problem of historical memory (EGE), it is important to note that there are false goals that do not create, but destroy. For example, the hero of the story "Gooseberries" dreamed of buying his own estate, planting gooseberries there. The goal was fully absorbed. But, having reached it, he lost his human form. The author notes that his hero "grew stout, flabby ... - and look, grunt in a blanket."

In I.Bunin's story "Sir from San Francisco" the destiny of the person serving false values is shown. The hero worshiped wealth as a god. After the death of an American millionaire, it turned out that real happiness passed him.

The search for the meaning of life, the realization of the connection with the ancestors, was shown to IA Goncharov in the image of Oblomov. He dreamed of making his life different, but his desires were not embodied in reality, did not have enough strength.

When writing an essay on the topic "The problem of the historical memory of the war," the essay can be cited from the work of Nekrasov "In the trenches of Stalingrad." The author shows the real life of the "penalty men" who are ready to defend the independence of the Motherland at the cost of their lives.

Arguments for the composition of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language

In order to get a good score for the essay, the graduate should argue his position using literary works. In M. Gorky's play "At the Bottom" the author demonstrated the problem of "former" people who had lost their strength to fight for their own interests. They realize that it is impossible to live as they are, and it is necessary to change something, but they do not plan anything for this. The action of this work begins in the doss house, there it ends. Neither of which memory, pride for their ancestors speech does not even come, the heroes of the play do not even think about it.

Some try, lying on the couch, talk about patriotism, others, sparing no effort and time, bring real benefits to their country. One can not ignore the amazing story of M. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man" without thinking about historical memory. It speaks of the tragic fate of a simple soldier who lost his relatives during the war. Having met an orphan boy, he calls himself his father. What is the evidence of this act? An ordinary person who has gone through the pain of loss, is trying to resist fate. He has not lost his love, and he wants to give it to a little boy. It is the desire to do good that gives the soldier the power to live, no matter what. The hero of Chekhov's story "The Man in a Case" tells about "people who are pleased with themselves". Having petty proprietary interests, trying to distance themselves from others' ills, they are absolutely indifferent to the problems of other people. The author notes the spiritual impoverishment of the heroes, who imagined themselves to be the "masters of life", but in reality they are ordinary petty bourgeois. They do not have real friends, they are only interested in their own well-being. Mutual assistance, responsibility for another person is clearly expressed in B. Vasiliev's work "And the dawns here are quiet ...". All the wards of Captain Vaskov are not simply fighting together for freedom of the Motherland, they live according to human laws. In Simonov's novel The Living and the Dead Sintsov takes out his comrade from the battlefield. All arguments cited from various literary works help to understand the essence of historical memory, the importance of its preservation, transmission to other generations.

Conclusion

When congratulating with any holiday, the wishes of a peaceful sky above your head sound. What does this show? The fact that the historical memory of the hard trials of war is passed down from generation to generation. War! Only five letters in this word, but immediately there is an association with suffering, tears, a sea of blood, the death of relatives and friends. Wars on the planet, unfortunately, have always been. The moans of women, the crying of children, the echoes of war, should be known to the younger generation through feature films, literary works. We must not forget about the terrible trials that fell to the lot of the Russian people. At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia participated in the Patriotic War of 1812. In order to live a historical memory of those events, Russian writers tried to convey the features of that era in their works. Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" showed the patriotism of the people, his willingness to give his life for the Motherland. Reading poems, stories, novels about the Partisan War, the Borodino battle, young Russians get the opportunity to "visit the battlefields," to feel the atmosphere that prevailed in that historical period. In "Sevastopol Stories" Tolstoy talks about the heroism of Sevastopol, manifested in 1855. Events are described by the author so reliably that it seems that he himself was an eyewitness of that battle. Courage of spirit, unique willpower, amazing patriotism of city residents are worthy of memory. Tolstoy associates war with violence, pain, dirt, suffering, death. Describing the heroic defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855, he emphasizes the strength of the spirit of the Russian people. B. Vasiliev, K. Simonov, M. Sholokhov, other Soviet writers devoted many of their works to the battles of the Great Patriotic War. In this difficult period for the country, women worked and fought on an equal basis with men, even children did everything that was in their power. At the price of life they tried to bring the Victory closer, to preserve the country's independence. Historical memory helps to keep in minute detail information about the heroic deed of all fighters and civilians. If the connection with the past is lost, the country will lose its independence. This can not be allowed!