What is the specificity of scientific knowledge?

Science is a consequence of the spiritual activity of mankind, aimed at understanding the objective truth associated with the laws of nature. Forming a single set of knowledge of laws, science is forced to subdivide into private industries, allowing research and elucidation of facts and phenomena, without delving into the study of external matter. It is on this basis that natural science about nature and social sciences are singled out. However, this is not the only criterion for separation: fundamental and applied sciences differ on the basis of remoteness from practical application.

Science is closely connected with philosophy. The specificity of scientific knowledge in philosophy is the comprehension and consideration of facts in relation to the real picture of the world. Philosophy was an indispensable companion of science at critical moments in history, remains no less important today.

Specificity of scientific knowledge is expressed by several factors:
1) The main goal of science is the elucidation of objective laws of reality, but this is impossible without a number of abstractions, since it is abstraction that makes it possible not to limit the breadth of thinking to determine the veracity of certain conclusions.
2) Scientific knowledge must first of all be reliable, therefore objectivity becomes its main characteristic, for without it it is impossible to talk about anything or with a certain precision. Objectivity is based on the study of the active object by visual and experimental methods.
3) The specificity of scientific knowledge lies in the fact that any science is aimed at practical application. Therefore, it must explain the causes, consequences and connections between these or those processes.
4) They also include the possibility of constant supplementation and self-renewal of science with the help of regular discoveries that can both refute and confirm existing laws, conclusions, and so on.
5) Scientific knowledge is accomplished through the use of both high-precision instruments and with the use of logic, mathematical calculations and other elements of the mental and spiritual activity of man.
6) Any knowledge must be strictly demonstrable - this is also the specificity of scientific knowledge. Information that can be used in the future must be accurate and justified. However, in various areas it still does not do without some assumptions, theories and limitations.

Scientific knowledge is primarily a process that takes place on an empirical and theoretical level, each of which also has its own specifics. Despite the differences, both levels are interrelated and the boundary between them is sufficiently mobile. The specificity of scientific knowledge of each of these levels is based on the use of experiments and instruments, or theoretical laws and methods of explanation for each specific case. Therefore speaking of practice, it is impossible to do without theory.

There are also various types of scientific knowledge. Among them, more important are the components of theoretical cognition, that is, the problem, theory and hypothesis.

The problem is the realization of some inconsistencies, which must be explained scientifically. This is a kind of knot or starting point, without which there are no further prerequisites for the development of knowledge. Specificity of scientific knowledge in philosophy allows finding a way out of this node on the basis of theoretical and practical conclusions.

Hypothesis - these are formulated versions that try to explain these or other phenomena from a scientific point of view. Hypothesis requires proof. If there are such, it turns into a true theory, and other versions prove to be unreliable. The clarification of the correctness of the hypothesis occurs on its practical application.

All these types of scientific knowledge are built into a kind of pyramid, at the very top of which there is a theory. The theory is the most reliable and precise form of scientific knowledge, which gives an accurate explanation to the phenomenon. Its presence is the main prerequisite for implementing a project in practice.