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What is the quota: the concept and application

To the question: "What is the quota?" - you can not give an unambiguous answer. This term is borrowed from the Latin language, and it means part or share of something that falls on everyone. Therefore, we can say that the quota is the share of a participant in a common business (production, marketing, import or export) that is carried out by several producers.

The definition of what a quota is, has a narrower meaning. The quota is the maximum quantity of goods of one category that is allowed for importation into the country from other states or export from it abroad. Establishing such quotas is called quoting.

It is established at the state level. This is a measure of regulating the country's relations at the external economic level. With the help of quotas, restrictions are imposed on the import and export of goods in quantitative and value terms for a certain period of time. Quoting can be applied to certain goods, services, vehicles and even to producing countries. Such a measure is designed to control supply and demand in the domestic market, as well as it is used in case of discriminatory actions of foreign partners in trade.

But what is the quota for the domestic consumer, and what positive or negative sides does it have? Entrepreneurs who are employed in industries protected by quotas have higher profitability. At the same time, the domestic producer, who feels pressure from foreign competition on its business, has the right to demand from the state the introduction of quotas. But at the same time, in the conditions of free trade, our goods have a lower cost, and when applying quotas, their price increases, which leads to a narrowing of the area of consumer sales.

What is the quota in international commodity turnover and its types

- Global. Determines the total amount of imported goods, regardless of producers and categories.

- Imported. Defines the restriction on the number of imports into the country of a certain product category to support the domestic market.

- Individual. Concerning one specific product for importation into the territory of the country.

- Seasonal. Controls the import of vegetables and fruits during the collection of domestic crops.

- Customs, which determines the amount of duty on the import of goods.

- Export. Sets the export volume for a certain product.

But the word "quota" can be found not only in the lexicon of an economist-internationalist. At the present time, when technology and the Internet have taken over all our time, both working and personal, we are increasingly mastering knowledge in this field. And among the terms relating to computer technology, you can also find mention of a quota, for example disk quotas. They make it possible to rationally use the space of the disk, not allowing it to be misused.

The concept of "quota" is also found in medical lexicon. On the basis of the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development №1248 (31.12.2010), every woman can count on receiving free-use quotas for free in vitro fertilization according to medical indications. The decision is made to provide such a privilege commission of the city health department, for example, in Moscow is the Department of Health of Moscow. Quotas are issued on the basis of the patient's request and the decision of the special commission.

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