What is fuels and lubricants

According to unconfirmed reports, lubricants were used by man more than 6 thousand years ago. Oil has been known for a long time, but to use it in its pure form began relatively recently, and there was no question of processing. When people learned how to process it, they took only kerosene, and the most valuable - fuel oil - was used as fuel or simply burned. And it is up to 90% of the bulk of the oil.

But the technology does not stand still - and now at oil refineries they have learned to divide fuel oil into different factions. Subsequent processing allowed to obtain from it valuable oils, later called oil or mineral oils. In modern engines of cars - high mechanical thermal loads, therefore, fuel and lubricants for them must meet certain requirements.

Increase the quality of lubricating oil by adding special substances (additives) to it. Each of these additives increases the indicators one at a time or several at a time. For example, anti-wear additives are added to fuels and lubricants to reduce wear of working parts, and detergents - reduce the amount of deposits and protect the piston rings from burning. In modern lubricating oils, you can count more than ten increases.

Due to the wide choice of additives and the possibility of combining them, the range offered by manufacturers has also increased. These are the lubricating oils they release. And besides, several of their target varieties appeared - motor, transmission and others. Before buying lubricants (even a well-known manufacturer), you need to know the basic principles of their choice.

Combustive-lubricating materials have many indicators indicated in the technical specifications, but when buying, it is necessary to pay attention to only two of them. The oil quality level indicates the compatibility of your car with this material, and the viscosity - for its suitability for use in a particular climate and season.

Determine whether this is a lubricant, will help marking, present on any commodity grade, with the same global indexing system. In foreign standards, the technology for determining and indicating the viscosity index is described by the technique adopted by the American Society of Automotive Engineers SAE, so it is not difficult to guess that after the SAE marking letters viscosity will be indicated. The winter grades of combustive-lubricating materials are designated by the letter W, and summer ones - by simple indication of viscosity.

There are also standard designations. For example, under the designation SAE J300 there are six classes of viscosity of winter mode - 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W. All these classes guarantee the start-up of the machine in the cold mode, and the movement of the fuel and lubricants is free throughout the system in the temperature range -30- + 5 degrees. Summer varieties do not have additional letters in the labeling, but with increasing viscosity all these grades are divided into SAE classes: 20, 30, 40, 50, 60.

Now you know what is the combustible-lubricating materials and what is their classification!