The self-contained well: description, device

Almost no dacha area today can not do without sewerage, water supply and heating system. Cesspools are rather inconvenient as structures for drainage of sewage. They are obsolete, but purchased septic tanks are quite expensive, so they could not become the best option. In connection with this, quite often the house-master installs a septic tank.

You, too, can follow their example, but before you start work, you need to know the technology. After all, if you do not comply with it, you can provoke an environmental disaster on the ground. Groundwater can be contaminated, as well as the nearest sources of drinking water.

A standard set usually consists of:

• Pollution control chambers;
• Drainage protection chambers;
• Wells for filtration.

The latter is sometimes replaced by a filtering field. The design features of a septic tank usually depend on the number of occupants. If there are only a few people in the house, and they use a dishwasher, actively use the bath and shower, and also use a washing machine, then there will be enough two cleaning chambers. Sewage at the same time will take a fairly large amount of sewage, so the latter will require thorough cleaning.

A septic tank can have only one settler tank, which will be enough for a small family. This is true when there is a small amount of equipment in the house. Such a system usually has two wells. If you want to equip the sewerage system for 5 people permanently living in the house, then you should use the building codes. According to them, the volume of the purification chamber should be equal to the number of drains in three days. This value is approximately 3000 liters. In this case, it is necessary to purchase a concrete ring, the volume of which is 0.62 m ³ . Each well requires 5 rings. For each camera there will be three.

Choose a place

Before installing a septic tank, you must select the optimal location for the work. It is important at the same time to take into account the tolerances that are stipulated in the regulatory documents. For example, a structure should not be located close to human habitation and sources of drinking water.

Before starting the markup, it is important to remember that the step to the residential house from the treatment plant is 5 m or more. If you make this distance more impressive, then there may be difficulties and costs when laying the pipeline. From the source of water to the septic tank, a distance of 50 m and more should be maintained. In this case, it is a question of wells and wells.

When installing a septic tank, you should remember one of the main rules, which is to provide access roads for special transport. The level of groundwater at the installation site should not be high. If the pipeline has turned out to be quite long, then every 20 m you should install inspection wells, which should be even in the cornering areas.

Preparation of foundation pits

Installation of septic tanks is carried out after preparatory work. They provide for the excavation of the excavation. It should be large enough to contain the cleaning chambers and the filtering well. If you want to save time, it is better to use special equipment. Otherwise, manual labor should be used.

It is important to exclude the ingress of impurities into the soil. Therefore, a concrete base must be poured into the installation site of the settling tanks. In the role of drainage is a 40-centimeter sand cushion. On sale you can find concrete rings with a blind bottom. They are ideal for settling tanks and do not require additional concreting. The ground should be prepared. The most suitable option for this is a pillow, the thickness of which is 50 cm. It consists of gravel, gravel and sand.

Installing rings

The rings of the well-septic tank are installed in the next stage. To do this, usually used lifting equipment, because manually raise the concrete structure is impossible. Rings should be installed in accordance with the scheme and tightly connected with each other by cement mortar.

It is important to foresee ground motions. To do this, the elements are fixed with metal staples or plates. During the laying of the pipeline, it is permissible to use a pipe with a bend that resembles a hydraulic seal. This eliminates the seepage of unpleasant odor from sewage.

Protection of joints and backfilling

Between the rings there are seams, which should be sealed with cement mortar or a ready mix according to the type of "Aquabarrier". Outside, the surface is covered with oil-proofing waterproofing. In order to achieve greater reliability, weldable sealants should be used. The structure can be reinforced with plastic liners. They are represented by a cylinder of a suitable volume, which is located inside the well.

Waterproofing must prevent penetration of waste water into the ground, this will not only prolong the life of the structure, but also eliminate foreign smells. The next step is to reverse the backfill. For this, the soil taken out during the formation of the excavation should be mixed with sand and spread around, compacting the mass. Each tank above should be covered with a lid with a hole for the hatch. Seams should be sealed according to the scheme described above.

Using a system of two wells

The construction of a septic tank is a settling tank based on prefabricated tanks. Each container is connected to a subsequent overflow pipe. Usually a septic tank of two wells is enough. The first capacity will be cumulative. Its bottom should be waterproofed. As the main protection of this well is the accumulation of effluent for sedimentation. The heavier suspensions remain at the bottom and decompose when fermented to organic simple components. The second tank is a reservoir for soil filtration. Under her bottom is a pillow of sand, gravel and gravel. It is needed for mechanical filtration.

Drainage well

A drainage well for a septic tank is a structure by the type of a cesspool, where purified effluents enter, and after that they pass through filtration and seep into the ground. To give this version of the device system is the most acceptable. It is inexpensive, simple and is able to cope with small volumes.

You can install such a drainage well even on soils with problems. For the device it is necessary to prepare a pit by laying a brick in a circle. Between the products are left holes, through which the water will leave. In order that water in the well of the septic tank does not stagnate, it is possible to apply a reinforced concrete ring, in the walls of which holes are made. Sometimes a plastic barrel without a bottom is installed for this purpose.

Installing a plastic well

A plastic well for a septic tank is quite common today. It has strong and durable walls, is light, and it can be installed without the use of special equipment. The mounting technology remains the same. First, a place is selected, and afterwards a foundation pit is prepared, the dimensions of which are slightly larger than the reservoir.

The septic tank must be installed in such a way that the lid remains above the ground surface. This allows you to monitor the operation of the installation. For the reason that a plastic well for a septic tank is fairly light, subject to deformation and displacement during ground motions, it is important to take protective measures. For this, the capacity is supplemented by a concrete monolithic sarcophagus. If this condition can not be met, then fill the bottom of the excavation with gravel.

Conclusion

Quite often, the owners of suburban real estate ask questions about what the advantage of concrete structures, which form the basis of septic tanks. First, they have a low cost. Secondly, they are easy to maintain. Thirdly, such systems can be independently equipped. However, the design has some drawbacks. They consist in the presence of a smell and the need to periodically use the services of a sewage machine.