What is a super-presidential republic? Device Features and Examples

All states have different arrangements. Sometimes we get confused by reading or listening to the opinions of political scientists explaining the current configuration on the world stage. And the questions turn out to be extremely subtle. For example, some say that Russia is a super-presidential republic. Do you agree? Do you understand what this is and what it leads to? Let's figure it out.

General concepts

To determine what a super-presidential republic is, it is necessary to study the structure of the country as a whole. States are republics and monarchies. In the first case, power belongs theoretically to the people, in the second case to one person or family. The republics are also not the same. They are classified according to the distribution of responsibilities between the legislative and executive powers. For example, in a parliamentary republic, the main body is the body formed by the results of a plebiscite. He controls the executive power, decides which way to develop the country. In the presidential capacity of the head of state more. This is enshrined in the Constitution. In general, the democratic system assumes that all the rules of life are prescribed in laws - special documents. There are, however, exceptions. For example, the British Parliament has not bothered to create a Constitution. It does not exist in hard copy.

Features of the super-presidential republic

Let's return to the studied state. He distinguishes from others the fact that in the hands of the first person all power is concentrated. Of course, the super-presidential republic can have elective bodies. But their powers are limited. It's only legal that the president decided. This person has uncontrolled power, which has its pros and cons. Only the people can give their leader authority and select them. Although some historical examples show that not everyone can get rid of the president of power. That is, a dictatorship is coming into the country. An example is post-revolutionary Russia before the creation of the USSR. The state declared for a period a dictatorship of the proletariat. This was a special system for establishing the power of the people, breaking the old monarchical order. But we can not assume that it was a super-presidential republic. After all, this provision should be reflected in the basic law. This is currently happening in Latin America. About them in more detail.

Leader of the nation

It should be noted that objective reasons are needed to create the described system. The people should take it naturally, support it. The super-presidential republic, examples of which we find on the map of Latin America, are characterized by a particularly tremulous attitude of the population towards their leader. He is considered the "father of the nation". This man has unlimited power. If in others society is trying to build a system of counterbalances, then the super-presidential is simpler. The head of state can not be controlled at the official level by courts or parliamentarians. He is accountable for his activities only to voters, who often lead him to the top of the board. The election of a leader is carried out by direct vote. That is, there are no mechanisms to help the leader communicate with the people. Because the device is called "superpresidential republic".

Country examples

Political scientists call the twelve states, in which the super-presidential government is constitutionally enshrined. Let us list them: Brazil, Haiti, Venezuela, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, El Salvador. It is necessary to say only that these countries have signs of a super-presidential republic. They are legally fixed. This is reflected not only in the powers of the leader of the country, but also in relation to it from the people. The fact is that uncontrolled power gives not only advantages. The reverse side of it is the exactingness of the voter. After all, it was he who brought the president to power. Therefore, it is a tough and demanding judge.

How does such a state arise?

Science claims that it is impossible to form the described connection of the people with the leader on an equal footing. This requires a special cultural basis. It was something that arose in the Latin American countries. The acknowledged leader there received power through a coup (sometimes armed). Some sources claim that such a process is characterized by a lack of legitimacy. With this you can argue. After all, people legitimize power. And if the majority is for their leader, then what is the essence of non-democracy? Critics also argue that the super-president has to act in a continuous emergency. If she calms down, then the level of his authority goes down. This is also a controversial opinion. After all, the power of the leader is enshrined in the constitution. For example, the basic law of Peru contains a clause authorizing the president to "personify the nation."

Conclusions about Russia

Having understood in general terms, what distinguishes a super-presidential republic from other forms of government, a person should understand what kind of idea political scientists are investing, calling so Russia. They are enemies of the Russian Federation, trying in such a way to make a split in society, to prevent its consolidation. The president of the Russian Federation has many powers. They are fixed legislatively. But to call Russia super-presidential is groundless or illiterate. In the country all branches of power work, democratic counterbalances are created.