Vascular diseases of the brain

Vascular diseases of the brain can develop due to hypertension, vascular malformations (arteriovenous aneurysms), vascular atherosclerosis in the brain and in the main vessels of the head. The reasons include vasculitis, phacomatosis, trauma, blood diseases and heart diseases.

In medical practice, stroke and circulatory disorders in the brain of a transient nature are classified. Transient disorders (discirculatory disorders, transient ischemic attack) are characterized by cyanosis of the facial skin and visible mucous membranes, in some cases, facial puffiness is noted. The characteristic manifestations of disturbances include dizziness, noise, and pain in the head. A common characteristic feature is a fainting condition, accompanied by a cold snap and cyanosis in the extremities.

Vascular diseases of the brain that provoke transient disorders in the circulation may be characterized by weakness and numbness of the transient nature in the limbs (hemiparesis), small speech disorders, convulsive seizures, impairment in the functions of the cranial nerves, and disorders of consciousness.

The duration of neurologic symptoms is several minutes or hours, but not more than twenty-four hours. In a number of cases, microinsults develop under the guise of transient disorders in the circulation. It should be noted that in such cases, it is very difficult to recognize the micro-insult.

Malignant course of hypertensive disease can provoke cerebral edema, which is accompanied by a sharp onset of headache, aggravated by sneezing or coughing, vomiting, decreased heart rate, nausea, dizziness, meningeal symptoms. In a number of cases, the coordination of the patient is characteristic.

Vascular diseases of the brain, which cause disorders in the blood circulation of various arteries, are characterized by various symptoms, which depends on the lack of blood supply to the corresponding brain area. A transient impairment in the circulation, affecting the internal carotid artery, can provoke a verbal disorder or hemiparesis of a short-term course in the opposite part of the body. The development of disorders in the circulation of vertebral arteries causes double vision, headaches, coordination disorders.

In severe atherosclerotic flow, cerebrovascular diseases are expressed in acute circulatory insufficiency of the brain, accompanied by various symptoms of organic nature.

As manifestations should be noted decrease in memory and intellect, a decrease in attention, the emergence of emotional instability, pathological reflexes, irritability. Acute disorders in the circulation can lead to thrombosis or embolism. These conditions are a common cause of strokes.

Disturbances in blood circulation can be congenital in nature. To pathological congenital malformations in the development of blood vessels is the vascular malformation of the brain. In this case, an incorrect connection of the vein or artery, or both of them. The cause of the pathology is still unclear. The scale of these pathologies can be different.

A number of vascular diseases can be detected during intrauterine development. As a rule, ultrasound is used for diagnosis. Thus, for example, the cysts of the vascular plexuses of the brain are determined. This site does not have nerve cells and takes part in the production of fluid. This fluid is necessary for the development of the fetal brain. In some cases, it is blocked by surrounding cells. This leads to the formation of a cavity (cyst).