What is a stroke, how does a stroke appear against a background of severe hypertension

A very common disease to date is a stroke. And if earlier the stroke occurred mainly in the elderly, now the age category has decreased noticeably: it can even be in the child. Stroke is a severe impairment of blood circulation in the brain. It is very important to help the patient quickly, otherwise, if such assistance is not provided within 24 hours, it can lead to death. Lack of oxygen and nutrients lead to the death of brain tissue. Such disorders most often arise as a result of vascular diseases. The most common cause of a stroke is a sudden increase in pressure or atherosclerosis. Factors that contribute to the occurrence of a stroke include neuropsychic stresses, lack of mobility, and too high-calorie food and vasomotor dystonia.

Stroke on a background of severe hypertension is very common. In hypertensive patients in the cerebral cortex, stagnant foci of excitation may occur. They touch the hypothalamic region, as a result of which the regulation of the vascular tone is disturbed, the compensatory reserves are depleted. Then there is an acute violation of cerebral circulation. During hypertensive cerebral crises, swelling of the brain tissue and vasospasms occur. Provoke it can be a great stress. If a stroke occurred against a background of severe hypertension, a severe headache, dizziness and pressure on the eyes may appear. The patient begins to vomit, there is a noise in the ears, maybe even a visual disturbance, begins to double in the eyes. A person can even lose consciousness, sometimes there are convulsive phenomena.

During hypertensive cerebral crises, pressure jumps, vegetative disorders such as chills or fever occur. In addition, there may be a tension in the muscles of the occiput. There may be movement disorders - a person may become paralyzed, the person will tip to the right or left side. There are verbal violations, a person can not speak clearly.

When a stroke occurs against a background of severe hypertension, the patient may even fall into a coma. It is very dangerous. Sometimes, as a result of a circulatory disturbance in the brain, death occurs. When the brain stem is injured, dizziness appears, the gait becomes loose, coordination of movements is disrupted. Sometimes it becomes difficult to swallow, a person may lose the ability to walk for a while.

Stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic. The most dangerous is a hemorrhagic stroke, in which a vascular rupture occurs. Ischemic stroke often occurs at night, and without loss of consciousness. Distinguish between a fatal and non-fatal ischemic stroke. If the patient does not die within 28 days of the onset of stroke symptoms , if he survived this period, then the stroke is not considered fatal. Most often, such a stroke occurs in people in old age, although today there are many cases of ischemic stroke and in fairly young people.

The risk factors associated with lifestyle include tobacco smoking, obesity, malnutrition, and severe stress. Very often, ischemic stroke develops against the background of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and also because of hereditary predisposition. In addition, such a stroke may occur against a background of severe hypertension.

In the case of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic, treatment is different. With ischemic stroke, the main task is to quickly restore the blood flow in the brain. For this, urgent medical treatment is performed in the first hours. The patient is injected with drugs that dilute blood. If there is an ischemic stroke, treatment should be immediate. The sooner they begin to administer therapy, the better will be the further prognosis. To reduce coagulation injected intiagreganty, they increase the chances of survival of the patient, as well as reduce the risk of complications after a stroke. In general, such drugs as aspirin, warfarin, as well as heparin and clopidogrel are used.

In addition to such therapy during treatment, thrombolytic therapy is performed, the purpose of which is the dissolution of the thrombus, which closed the lumen of the vessel. For this purpose, a modern preparation is used - the activator of tissue plasminogen. With its help, the thrombus dissolves. But this method is effective in the first four and a half hours.

Sometimes, in addition to drug therapy, invasive procedures are required. It can be an intra-arterial injection of thrombolytic, when the activator is injected directly into the affected artery of the brain. Sometimes a mechanical thrombus removal is used.