Universal tractor T-100: modifications, specifications and reviews

The Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant, for its long history, produced a lot of equipment that has become a landmark for the industry of the Soviet Union. A striking example is the famous "weaving" - universal tractor T-100.

Creating a Model

The industrial Soviet tractor, as well as many other types of equipment at that time, named in honor of JV Stalin Stalin C-100, underwent major changes in the early 60s of the XX century. First there was a modification of T-108. It was released only three years. In 1964, the plant began to produce "weaving". And after four years the T-100 tractor was awarded a gold medal at the international exhibition.

Heavy crawler was designed for industry and construction. Designed as a bulldozer with rope control. Later, it was decided to upgrade to use a variety of attachments. Unlike its predecessor, which had only two modifications, fourteen kinds of special equipment were produced on the basis of the caterpillar T-100.

"Sotka", as an industrial tractor, belonged to the traction class 10. By the way, the modern T-25 wheel (100% universal tractor, as it is proudly called) belongs to the traction class 0.6. This category is determined by the maximum effort, which under certain strictly established conditions can develop a wheel or tracked vehicle.

Specifications

Judging by user feedback, the T-100 tractor has better specifications than the S-100. And all thanks to the use of another engine. That is why he found a wider application in the national economy. The design mass of the tractor was 11.1 tons. The diesel engine with a cylinder capacity of 15.5 liters reached a maximum capacity of 108 liters. from. At a crankshaft speed of 1070 rpm. At low speeds, the multitone machine consumed almost 20 liters of diesel per hour. But the tank held it about 240 liters.

"Sotka" developed a nominal force (6 tons) in the second gear at a speed of up to 4 km / h. This corresponds to the sixth traction class of agricultural machinery. To the higher, tenth category for the maximum tractive effort (9.5 tons) in the first gear and the speed is less than 2.5 km / h, the T-100 tractor was classified according to the industrial classification. And that is not all. Traction effort was reduced with increasing speed. Consumers claim that in the fifth gear, it was the maximum - more than 10 km / h. Not a bad indicator! But the pulling force at the same time was 2 tons.

Tractor power plant

The power plant, which was used on the tractor C-100, was seriously upgraded specifically for the "hundred". And got the number D-108. The four-cylinder four-stroke engine had a mass of more than 2 tons. The layout of the engine has not changed, but the chamber in which the mixture takes place and the combustion of fuel is performed in the bottom of the piston. He also had two oil-lifting and three compression rings. The bronze bushings were pressed into the cylinder heads to install the injectors. Instead of a single spray hole, they began to perform five. In addition, a centrifuge was installed in the oil filter.

The T-100 tractor became the first industrial machine in which a starting engine was used. With the help of the P-23 installation with an electric starter, the main diesel engine was started in winter. Judging by the opinions of people who used to drive this machine at least once, another useful mechanism was used in the tractor. It is a vacuum device that operated on the energy of the exhaust gases. It allowed to fill fuel tanks, located below the level of the fuel tank.

Tractor Transmission

Unlike the engine, it has not undergone any serious changes. Customer feedback indicated that the clutch, which is a separate unit, is easy to dismantle. The dry single-plate clutch was controlled from the cab by a special lever, thanks to the lever-cam control mechanism . The mechanical three-way, reverse gearbox had five forward gears and four rear gears. Conical central - with the driven gear on the flange and with the leading unit, which was made on the bottom shaft of the box, as a single unit.

Rotary couplings were dry, multi-disc. In them, the driven discs are made with friction pads. They could be controlled by servos. T-100 - a tractor, the characteristics of which allowed for five gears when driving forward to change the speed from 2.3 to 10.1 km / h, and on the four rear - from 2.8 to 7.6 km / h.

Chassis

Consumer opinions agreed that the caterpillar tractor in front of the wheel has the advantage of being passable on soft soils due to less specific pressure on the soil. For T-100, this figure was 4.6 N / cm2.

As the buyers claimed in their reviews, the main disadvantage of the caterpillar tractor, again in comparison with the wheeled one, is the more complicated structure of the undercarriage. Semi-rigid system "hundred" consisted of caterpillar trolleys with a balancing device and caterpillars. They were carried out in the form of a welded box-section frame. The links of the caterpillar chain were connected with each other by bushings and fingers placed on them. There were fixed shoes of a special profile. The chain is mounted on wheels with a tensioning mechanism, supporting and supporting rollers. The balancing suspension was made in the form of a spring plate with two stabilizing springs, smaller in size.

Tractor cab

T-100 (tractor) reviews and now, against the background of modern technology, has a positive. It was equipped with a comfortable cabin for those times. It was installed behind the engine on a rigid frame. Inside, the driver was provided with a soft seat, lighting and a forced ventilation system. Today, unfortunately, the T-100 is a tractor (photo below), which became only a memory. But in the 70's, he competed with the technique of leading foreign firms. However, it was not enough. And it was used only on construction sites of union value, for example at the BAM.

Dimensions

The dimensions of the heavy caterpillar tractor (L × W × H) are 4.3 × 2.5 × 3.1 m. The length of the caterpillar track surface is 2.4 m, the track is 1.9 m, the ground clearance is 0.3 m. Another important indicator of technology is the specific metal content. It is almost 103 kg / hp.

Modifications of the tractor

At the very beginning of the "weaving" was assembled with a bulldozer DZ-53, in which the management of the blade was rope. Then it was modernized by installing a more modern hydraulic system. The new car was designated DZ-54. And already fourteen types of attachments for use in various construction and road works were produced. It was both stubble stumps, and brush cutter, and ripper, and stone eliminator, and broadener. On the chassis of the T-100 mounted piling coppers, cranes and pipelayers.

In the responses of simple tractor drivers it was indicated that the modification of the T-100 MGP had hydraulic equipment, a front mounted system, and instead of a winch, a rigid coupling device. In it, output mechanisms for connecting the power take-off shaft and the rear attachment system were provided. Both of these modifications were produced as a bogot, whose tracks had a wider section - T-100 B and T-100 BH.

The letter "T" in the name was marked by a pipe-laying machine, in which instead of hydro-mounted systems, fastenings for specialized units and devices were provided. Tractor T-100 MGP-1 was produced in a lightweight version without a cabin. The last modification of the "hundred", which was already produced in parallel with the new T-130, was the T-100 MZGP with hydraulic servo steering mechanisms. And, perhaps, only it can still be found. And even buy.

Modifications of the tractor for the needs of agriculture

It was intended to use the T-100 caterpillar tractor in agriculture. But in the feedback of users it was indicated that its speed is very low. Therefore, he did not receive distribution. The modification had the designation T-100 MGS. It had a separate unitary unified hydraulic system and a rear linkage mechanism. The T-100 MGS-1 tractor did not possess this mechanism. The shaft of the power take-off shaft was installed on the site of the winch. For comparison: the T-25, as a 100% tractor for agriculture with dimensions of 3.0 × 1.5 m, can change the ground clearance and overall height depending on the equipment being hung. The range of its speeds when moving forward is from 6 to 22 km / h.

The name tractor T-100 - "weaving" - has become a household name. It still means later models: T-130, T-170, T-10. Compared with the new, modern options, the car is characterized by heavy and uncomfortable working conditions for the driver. Despite this, at all times it was reliable and durable, almost did not break down and had high traffic.