Types of putty for walls

No modern repair today, perhaps, does not do without putty. This construction mixture is indispensable, but it is important to choose it correctly, which applies not only to the walls, but also to the ceiling. Visiting the store, consumers quite often face the complexity - what kind of putty for walls and ceilings to prefer. Mixtures can differ among themselves in a variety of factors, but among the main ones, one should distinguish the purpose and composition.

Varieties of fillers in composition

When considering types of putty, you should pay attention to the ingredients. Mortars usually provide for the presence of three basic components, this applies to the putty. Among the other substances that are used to make the described mixture, it should be noted:

• solvent;
• filler;
• Astringent.

By classifying the filler by composition, it is necessary to take into account the type of binder, because in the role of the filler, sand almost always appears, while the solvent is water. So, putty on the composition can be divided into:

• Gypsum;
• Cement;
• Polymeric.

Cement putty

On sale today are various types of putty, among others, it is necessary to distinguish mixtures on a cement basis. These solutions have a fine granularity of the constituents. As an astringent the cement of mark M400 or M500 acts. The filler is river sand, usually quartz, because it is characterized by small crystals and complete absence of impurities.

Cement putty for walls is good because it has high strength, and it can be damaged only by purposefully hitting the surface. Another important plus is water resistance, so putty can be used for bathrooms and swimming pools, as well as other rooms where the conditions will be high humidity.

Considering types of putty for walls, it is necessary to pay attention to the cement variety, because it can be used even for facade cladding due to water resistance and strength. Formed layer will be able to undergo aggressive environmental influences. But such mixtures have disadvantages. They are expressed in the fact that the material shrinks after drying, and also does not differ in elasticity, therefore, cracks may appear on the surface. In addition, the superimposed layer will dry for a long time.

Plaster putty

In this case, plaster plays the role of an astringent. Such mixtures are used in preparation before staining. With the help of such compounds it is possible to achieve a perfectly flat surface in the final stage. If you make a comparison with a cement "fellow", the plaster compounds dry fairly quickly and do not settle down. This type of putty should be used as soon as possible, because it can begin to dry up even before it is applied to the surface.

These mixtures are used in well-heated and dry rooms, because gypsum does not tolerate the effects of moisture and swells with water. Therefore, it can not be used for exterior finishing. There are no harmful impurities among the ingredients, the material is safe for human health. If the surface is treated with this composition, mold will not appear on it, and the layer will perfectly pass air. The material does not burn, but has low strength and does not cope with temperature changes.

Polymeric putty

If you use shpaklevka for repair work, the types and purpose of this material should be considered. Among other things, it should be noted that polymer mixtures, which in terms of technical characteristics can be called ideal. As a binder are polymeric components. The solution combines the main advantages of the previous mixtures and is almost devoid of drawbacks. To be more precise, there is only one minus - the cost.

Solutions on a polymer base are expensive, but differ in their versatility. They are durable, are not afraid of the effects of changes in temperature and moisture, quickly dry and have a high degree of elasticity. During application, you will be pleasantly surprised by the small consumption of the formulation. Using this solution, you can achieve an almost mirror-like surface. This type of putty for outdoor works is excellent, because it is moisture resistant and has high strength.

How to choose the filler for the purpose

The types of putties listed above can be classified as intended. Depending on the field of use, the solutions may contain ingredients of different fractions and assume the presence of plasticizers, as well as additional constituents. Considering the types of putties for the ceiling and walls, you can divide them into:

• Starting;
• Universal;
• Finish.

The former are used for leveling, while the latter are used to form a decorative layer.

Starting putty

It is used for the first layer, since it allows to smooth the surfaces after plastering. For such putties, a large fraction of the components is characteristic, which indicates a high strength. The mixture is characterized by high adhesivity, but it can vary depending on the substrate. As a starting putty, cement compounds are usually used. When choosing a starting solution, it is necessary to pay attention to the permissible thickness of the layer to be laid. This parameter must be between 0 and 25 mm.

Decorative putty

When considering types of putty, you should pay attention to the final mixes, which are applied after the starting compositions. They have a shallow fraction and allow to form a layer up to 4 mm, which allows to achieve a smooth surface, suitable for decoration.

The strength of the finish putty is not so high, but it's a plus, because it's just treated with sandpaper. Finishing putty is usually used in the case when it is planned to apply materials on the type of varnish coatings, paints or textile wallpaper. In all these cases, it is important that the surface is perfectly even, because there will be other shortcomings.

Universal putties

These compositions are multicomponent and combine the properties of the finishing and leveling solutions. This option is an excellent solution for non-professionals. Universal fillers allow one material to be leveled and finished. With the help of solutions of this type, it is possible to join gypsum blocks, to remove chips and to cover up cracks.

Varieties of putty for GKL

On sale today are various kinds of putty for gypsum cardboard. However, they are classified according to the principles described above. Gypsum compounds are most often used for GCR. But to divide the mixtures for gypsum cardboard it is possible also for the purpose, they can be:

• Leveling;
• Specialized;
• Mixtures of the second layer.

When choosing a leveling compound, you should pay special attention to the main component. It can be polymers, cement or gypsum. The latter option is not recommended for rooms with high humidity. But the cement compounds work well even in wet conditions, but over time, microcracks may appear on the surface. In terms of performance, these two types are superior to polymer fillers, but they will have to pay high prices for them.

Additional recommendations for the choice of putty for the ceiling

For the ceiling, putties are usually offered, which have a finer fraction of particles within 0.3 mm. As for the conventional base compositions, the fractionality of the particles in them does not exceed 0.6 mm. This allows a less thick layer to be applied. Polymer putty contains the smallest particles - up to 0.2 mm in diameter.

Such compositions are suitable for finishing, where a smooth thin leveling layer is needed. In order to determine what the minimum thickness of the layer is, multiply the size of the fraction by 3. The finished mixture for the ceiling should be applied as thinly as possible, after alignment, you will be able to get a firm and level surface. It is important to properly prepare the roughing base, it should be cleaned and make sure that it is strong enough. Apply the putty on plastic, metal and glass is unacceptable.

Conclusion

Cement appearance of the outer putty is suitable for finishing the facade more than others. After all, this material is resistant to negative environmental factors and is able to show strength in operation. But for internal works it is quite possible to pick up gypsum or polymeric putty, which can be applied by layers of different thickness, which will depend on the purpose of the mixture.