Heating of the cottage: project, equipment, installation

A country house, perhaps, is a dream for almost every city resident. This type of property has a lot of advantages, ranging from the absence of noisy neighbors, ending with the picturesque landscapes that can be seen outside the window. As the basic advantages of living in the country, as some people have noted, is the unique opportunity to choose and then independently arrange a fairly inexpensive and efficient heating system that will not require intervention from the experts.

Despite the fact that the most common is the water scheme, the owners of houses quite often choose another type of coolant. But initially it is necessary to carry out heating design, which is an important stage of construction. If everything is done correctly, the owners will be able to eliminate a lot of problems while operating the system. Having carried out the design according to all the rules, you will be able to determine the technical parameters and select, as well as arrange all the elements, having planned the costs.

Types of heating systems

Before the installation of heating in the cottage, you need to consider the types of systems that are most common today. For example, air heating is expensive, and it works by air circulation. Flows move due to the temperature difference and are pumped by a special fan. For the operation of such a circuit, an air vent and a heat generator are needed. If you decide to independently install heating in a cottage, then you can use an electrical circuit that is cheap and easy to install.

When designing, it is necessary to decide whether convectors, a floor heating system or infra-red ceiling heaters will be used . As a drawback, impressive invoices for electricity are used during operation.

If you have a small country house or cottage, the optimal solution will be a heating system based on a stove or fireplace. But the rooms will heat up unevenly, and when removed from the heat source, cold areas will form. The heating of a country house, like a cottage in the city, is most often realized with the help of a water system that involves the installation of radiators and a pipeline. The installation work will have to allocate a lot of money, but the system pays for itself in the process of operation. The master will need to implement a closed loop, inside which the water heated by the boiler will circulate. Cooling, she will return back.

Designing a water system

When the water heating of a country house is arranged, it is necessary to initially design, it provides for the selection of batteries, pipes, and also a boiler and a surge tank. It will not do without a circulation pump. This stage will depend on the chosen mode of movement of the coolant, which can be forced or natural. If you like the natural movement of water more, the circuit will be non-volatile, while the coolant moves due to the physical laws of nature. After the water is in the radiators, it rises, and the cold sinks down.

The technology assumes installation of a pipe under a bias, the tank should be at the highest point. For the arrangement of direct feeding, pipes with a larger cross-section should be prepared than for the return pipe. If you decide to work on a system with natural circulation, then it will cost less, as it does not require equipment to create pressure. If you want to equip the heating of the cottage, based on the system with forced water movement, you will need to purchase a pump, it will constantly pump the water. The device is installed at the end of the pipe with a reverse motion. More rapid, economical and effective is forced circulation, which ensures uniform heating of all rooms. But there is such a scheme and its shortcomings, which are expressed in the high cost and dependence of the pump on the supply of electricity.

Factors influencing the choice of heating system

If you are thinking about which heating scheme suits you, it is important to pay attention to some criteria, among them: access to electricity, aesthetic preferences, the type of boiler, and the budget for the work. If the allocated funds are small, then it is best to use a gravity system, which is realized in houses with one or two floors. This scheme is suitable for smaller buildings. Specialists advise to pay attention to the fact that there are restrictions on the horizontal radius of such a chain. Horizontal pipelines should not be more than 30 meters in length. This is due to the insignificant circulating pressure in the circuit.

When it is required to equip the heating of the cottage, the owners of real estate pay attention also to the main advantages that are inherent in the gravity system. First of all, you will not spend a lot of money on materials, operation and maintenance. Among other things, there is no need to use a circulation pump, which can cause additional noise and vibrations. With its breakdown, repairs can be quite costly. After the completion of the installation work, the gravity system will not have to be replaced within 40 years, this is the period of operation for this heating. If a breakdown occurs, the user will be able to correct the problem by himself, without resorting to the help of specialists. This heating circuit has the ability to self-adjust. This is the key to excellent thermal stability.

Basic equipment

The gravity heating of the cottage provides for the purchase of the following equipment: a pipeline system, an expansion tank, a boiler, and also heating appliances. Among the latter it is worth highlighting batteries and radiators.

Principle of installation

The horizontal system of the pipeline will have to be laid, observing the slope directed towards the movement of the coolant. This is necessary to stimulate the circulation of water. The angles of the slope of the pipes must be observed, which is necessary to drain water into the expansion tank. Without a deviation can not do even more because the air from the system must necessarily go, otherwise there will be traffic jams. In this case, the expansion tank receives a stabilization function.

For reference

When laying horizontal pipes, the slope angle should be determined as follows: per meter of length, the slope is about 5-10 millimeters in height.

Recommendations of a specialist

The heating of the cottage should be designed taking into account the hydraulic forces, because due to them the water will move along the contour. The intensity of the flow will depend on the height of the circuit. This is especially true in the case of the difference in height between the batteries and the boiler. As for the resistance of the pipeline, it will depend on the diameter of the pipes. If the circuit is installed with numerous turns and branches, this will increase the hydraulic resistance. It is not necessary to install a large number of filters, cocks and other fittings, as well as a pipeline of a minor diameter, since this will all become an obstacle to normal circulation. In order to have normal pressure inside the circuit, it is necessary to reduce the effect of the resistance objects. An alternative solution to this problem is to increase the diameter of the pipe.

Installation of gravity twin-pipe system

The heating scheme of the cottage can envisage the arrangement of a gravity two-pipe system, which has two separate circuits designed for the movement of hot water. In one part, the heated water will move, while on the other side it will be cooled. When mounting the boiler equipment upwards, it is necessary to remove the pipeline connected to the expansion tank. The last element should be located in a room under the ceiling or in the attic. Attic must necessarily be insulated in this case. A hot contour pipe is connected from below, which connects to the pipeline layout in the room.

In order to ensure the removal of excess coolant in the sewage system, a pipe must be brought into the tank. The pipelines will approach the batteries from wiring. In the lower part of the heating devices, it is necessary to put the pipe in the return line, which goes to the boiler equipment. When a heating project for a cottage is being prepared for such a system, it is necessary to designate the location of the return, which is laid parallel to the straight line, passing through all rooms.

What you need to know when designing a single-pipe system

The advantage of this scheme with natural circulation in front of the two-pipe system is that the hydrodynamic pressure in the circuit will not depend on the location of the heating devices. The expansion tank must be filled to 3/4, and the tank volume to 30 liters.

Designing of gas heating system

If you prefer the gas heating of the cottage, the design should include a choice of a two-circuit or single-circuit scheme. In the first case, the house will be equipped with running hot water and an independent hot water circuit. To provide heat, one-circuit systems must be used. Design includes the choice of boiler power, circulating pumps, characteristics of heating batteries. You can take advantage of the possibility of arranging a system of a warm floor, as well as installation of a Jacuzzi, swimming pools and taps.

After that you have to decide which gas: cylinder liquefied or mainline will be used for heating. For heating on gas cylinders, single-circuit and double-circuit boilers of different power can be used. Most of them are adapted for operation in tandem with liquefied gas. It will only be necessary to change the burner or purchase a new one. The system of heating from gas is more environmentally friendly, but it has its drawbacks, which consist in the need to harmonize all the documentation with the relevant services. We'll have to equip the boiler room and install a chimney.

Calculation of gas flow

Before starting work it is important to calculate the heating of the cottage. In order to get 1 kilowatt of heat energy, it will be necessary to spend 0.1 m ^{3 of} gas per hour. If you need to heat a room of 200 square meters, you will need to buy a 20-kW boiler. At full capacity, it will consume 2 m ³ / hour, which can be calculated by multiplying 20 by 0.1. If you divide the heating season into two stages, three months of which will be cold and the other three moderate, then the equipment will run at full capacity for 100 days. For convenience of calculation, the number of days of each period can be rounded to 100. For the same time, the equipment will work half or quarter of its capacity. Thus, to find out the cost of heating in a cottage, you need to determine the average daily fuel consumption for the first period, which is 20 × 0.1 × 24 = 48 m ³ . For the second period, this value will be equal to 24 cubic meters. Combining the figures, you can calculate the total consumption for the season, which will be 7,200 cubic meters.

Features of installation work

The arrangement of the gas-based system is carried out in several stages, first selecting the heating boilers for the cottage, which are to be installed afterwards. Then the master can start to install the main, as well as the heating risers. It is important to pay special attention to regulating equipment, as well as automation. At the last stage, commissioning and testing of the system are carried out. It is important to use different modes.

Using electricity for heating

Heating cottages with electricity is also quite common today. After all, it is not always possible to use gas equipment, which is the cheapest in operation. If the gas main is not connected to your home, the best solution to the problem will be an electric boiler. It is environmentally friendly and safe, does not emit unpleasant odors, and when operated, the owner of the house does not have to deal with fuel loading. Before starting the installation work, you need to decide which option to use electricity . The first involves the use of heating appliances that will heat the room, while the second involves the installation of devices that will heat the coolant or other liquid. To equip the system, which is based on an electric boiler, you will need: convectors, pipes, and radiators. Some systems can be equipped with a safety valve that protects against overpressure.

Conclusion

If you visit a country house quite infrequently, then you will be well served by heating on wood. A conventional furnace or a solid fuel boiler can be used.