Types of Personality in Sociology

Formation of personality is a long and complex process. The society makes certain (and rather tough) demands on individuals. Through the system of education and upbringing, it seeks to form a personality type that best meets the requirements that are presented to it. In this regard, and identify individual types of personality in sociology.

Due to different objective and subjective features, various types of personalities are formed in society. This is influenced by various aspects of quantitative nature (social activity of people) and qualitative (the direction of activity can be conscious or spontaneous, creative or destructive). These characteristics are determined by the social structure of society, its normative culture and value orientations, as well as the self-consciousness, attitudes and style of thinking of individuals.

Personality from the point of view of sociology - this is the core that connects the mental processes of man and gives his behavior a certain stability and logical sequence. By the sign that mainly affects this nucleus, the types of personality in sociology are determined by different theories: psychobiological (U. Sheldon), biosocial (F. Allport, K. Rogers), psychosocial (K. Horney, K. Adler), psychostatic (" Factorial "- D. Eysenck, R. Kettel, etc.).

Social types of personality in sociology are defined as the product of a complex intertwining of socio-economic and historical-cultural conditions of people's lives.

In sociological science various typologies of personality are offered. M. Weber for the criterion of typology took the features of social action, that is, the degree of its rationality. K. Marx as the main sign considers class and formational affiliation. E. From defines types of personality depending on the social (as opposed to individual) character. Fromm, personality types are allocated receptive (passive), exploitative, accumulative and market nature.

Personality types in sociology are personality models that sociology (and also psychology) are used as patterns for grouping in the classification, study and ordering of sets of personalities. Different theories distinguish ideal concrete-historical and empirical types of personality.

In Western theory, a typology based on personal indicators is widely used. So K.Yung identifies types based on sensitivity, thinking, experience of evaluation, intuition, extraverted or introvertive orientation. According to H. Aizeku, the main characteristics of individuals are such concepts as extraversion and introversion. Extraverts tend to direct the energy of the psyche to the outside, and introverts are inward.

Personality types in sociology at the present stage are also singled out as follows: traditionalists, idealists, a frustrated type, realists, hedonists.

Traditionalists focus on values such as order, duty, law-abiding, discipline. At the same time, there is almost no self-actualization or desire for self-realization. Idealists deny traditional norms, are independent, skeptical about authorities and are oriented toward self-development. The frustrated type is characterized by low self-esteem, depressed self-feeling and a sense of discardment from life. Realists aspire to self-realization, have a sense of responsibility and duty, self-discipline and self-control. Hedonists tend to get pleasure, mainly in the form of satisfying simple consumer desires.

Role theory of personality in sociology was created by representatives of the structural and functional areas of D. Moreno, T. Parsons and others. They viewed the personality through the prism of social roles in society. In society, the division of labor is objective, and therefore various social statuses and roles of people appear in the functional connection.