Turkmenistan: the standard of living. Turkmenistan through the eyes of a foreigner

Turkmenistan is a country that in the 90s of the 20th century, after the collapse of the Union, went through a rather difficult path. First there was destruction, then a period of gradual formation. Turkmenistan, whose standard of living still desired the best, began to develop confidently. The people played an important role in this process. One of the first republics adopted the Declaration of Sovereignty. In 1995, this state became neutral.

The complex process of becoming

The first decade of independent existence of Turkmenistan passed in the complex processes of destruction of the way of life existing up to this period.

All these negative phenomena were accompanied by a lack of economic development accompanied by the embezzlement of industrial enterprises, defense facilities and the energy complex. Life in Turkmenistan during this period was complicated by a redistribution of power and property, accompanied by bloody and fratricidal events.

Factors contributing to economic development

Turkmenistan, whose standard of living has grown significantly due to the persistence and diligence of the people, has been able to stop the devastating processes in the economy.

Turkmenistan is a luxuriously gifted place. Its main features are the sunny and warm climate, deposits of gas and oil. The country is characterized by a closed type of economy, expressed in the fact that foreign investments are attracted only to complex deposits. It should be noted that Turkmenistan is a geographically closed space, has no access to the sea, and is also surrounded by states in which the political situation often makes it difficult to expand the gas pipelines. And, of course, a talented people, in the East, conservative in political terms, but appreciating what it has.

These factors contributed to the economic recovery of the country, namely:

• The modern agrarian sector can bring annually about two million tons of wheat and the same amount of cotton;
• Equipping the processing industry with new plants for processing raw cotton or sugar beet;
• In the light industry there were new factories of denim and cotton fabrics;
• From Turkmen oil in a modern oil refinery, lubricating oils and high-octane gasoline are produced;
• Due to the annual supply of natural gas and oil by the extracting industry, Turkmenistan's demand for energy materials is fully covered.

Turkmenistan through the eyes of a foreigner

A man who has been away for a while in the country, strikes almost everything in Turkmenistan. So, with a huge speed, the landscape, architecture and infrastructure of the country as a whole and its individual cities are transformed. The fairy-tale speed of building new high-rise buildings, swimming pools, hospitals, motorways, concert halls, tennis courts, business centers, hotels, stadiums, as well as the beautiful Ashgabat airport of marble and glass is traced.

Economy of Turkmenistan

Modern Turkmenistan, whose living standards have improved significantly, is characterized by political calm and stability. The high rate of economic development contributes to the creation of a warm investment climate. As a result, investment in the development of Turkmenistan by the world's construction companies.

The economy of Turkmenistan is successfully developing due to significant investments of foreign investors in the energy and mining industries.

In a relatively short period, this country has evolved from a resource base to a rapidly developing state. The modern economy of Turkmenistan confirms its independence. This state amazes with its calmness in the streets and beneficial external changes.

Today, Turkmenistan (the standard of living of the people) ranks first among the countries of Central Asia and the CIS. The population has the opportunity to use free of charge natural resources: salt, gas, water and light. At a sufficient level, air communication between the cities of Turkmenistan is developed.

Key macroeconomic indicators

The International Monetary Fund in 2015 predicts a decline in GDP growth to 9% (this information is available on the official website of the IMF).

As indicated in this press release, 2014 for Turkmenistan is marked by GDP growth of 10.3%. At the same time, the state's economy remained fairly stable to various shocks in the regional market. Such a life in Turkmenistan became possible due to the active export of hydrocarbon resources and public investments.

The expected decline in GDP this year in the opinion of the IMF will occur due to a decrease in the level of revenues from the export of natural gas, as well as a reduction in public investment relative to GDP.

Despite the latest depreciation of the national currency, the expected inflation at the end of the year will be about 6.5% (the average indicator of Turkmenistan is 7.5%). Such a situation will become possible due to the subsequent fall in food prices in the world and the appreciation of the dollar.

Life in Turkmenistan for Other Nationalities

The 2003 census showed that Turkmens make up only 85% of the total population of the state, the remaining 15% are representatives of other nationalities.

Let us consider the life of Russians in Turkmenistan. So, all in the same year 2003, an agreement was signed between Moscow and Ashgabat, according to which Gazprom began to buy natural gas from Turkmenneftegaz before 2028. However, the same year for Turkmenistan is significant for the termination of the 1993 Agreement, under which the given state terminated unilaterally the possibility of having dual citizenship. Despite this fact, the Russian embassy still issued Russian passports and later 2003, explaining this by the lack of ratification of this protocol by the Russian parliament.

In 2013, the situation worsened somewhat, since under the pretext of changing old passports for the new Turkmen authorities, "doubles" were offered to give up other citizenship, except Turkmen. This problem has not been solved to this day.

The standard of living in Turkmenistan today

The level of modern life in the state in question has grown significantly in recent years, and this is confirmed by the analysis of this indicator on the example of the capital - Ashgabat. Thus, the answer to the question "Is it easy to live in Turkmenistan?" Is an increase in the number of foreign cars on the roads, as well as expensive mobile phones from residents.

For ordinary people, such arguments may seem slightly naive. However, economists can confidently say that improving the welfare of the population of any state can take place only with the growth of GDP, an increase in per capita income. In this case, an ordinary person only focuses on the prices of products that are on store shelves. Based on these components, we can say that the average standard of living of the population in Turkmenistan has become higher.

Priorities in development

To further improve the standard of living in Turkmenistan, there must be strong social guarantees for the population, which are the basis for the development of economic activities, as well as forms of ownership. The reform of the banking, credit and financial system of the state should continue, the most favorable conditions for the protection and social support of the population are created.

The first decade of the XXI century to ensure the socio-economic development of the country is due to the need to refine the legislation, as well as the development of completely new approaches to regulation in the legal field of economic relations. Therefore, legislative activities should be carried out in the following areas.

Improvement of the regulatory framework

This is the first direction that should strengthen and develop the market economy. One of the main directions of finalizing the economic block was the development of new legislation, which determined the legal framework for the implementation of commercial (entrepreneurial) activities. This circumstance is a necessity of the subsequent legal regulation of the processes of creation and operation of business entities. An important place among them is occupied by enterprises.

Legislation of tax, monetary and budgetary spheres

This is the second direction of improving the regulatory framework. The modern legal framework differs with certain solidity, as well as regulates relations in the financial system of the entire state. The focus of this process should be on improving the efficiency of the state budget as a macroeconomic mechanism for managing the entire economy of the country.

The success of the budget policy directly depends on the tax system of the state. The main principle of legislative work is the codification of the entire tax regulatory and legal framework that Turkmenistan currently has. Scientific life in this can significantly improve the overall state of legislation. Thus, based on a systematic study of various taxes and fees, as well as methods and forms to ensure their payment to the budget, a unified system for the formation, collection and approval of all compulsory payments should be developed and legislated.

Regulation of individual economic sectors

This direction is the third most important and should promote legal regulation of activities that are carried out in some industries that occupy one of the key places in the entire economic structure of Turkmenistan.

Due to the social and economic reforms and reforms, intensive development will be achieved in such sectors of the economy as agro-industrial, fuel and energy and construction. It is impossible in this case to forget about the textile industry, construction industry, transport and communications.

Summarizing the material presented, it should be noted that Turkmenistan was able to overcome the difficulties that arose after the collapse of the Union, and not only to overcome the crisis, but also to take the road of economic development.