The principle of the variator. Variator: device and principle of operation

The beginning of the creation of variational programs was laid in the last century. Even then, a Dutch engineer mounted it on a vehicle. After such mechanisms were used on industrial machines.

Variator is a mechanism that provides a smooth transfer of torque from the power plant to the elements that drive the vehicle. Often such a device has the name of the most compact stepless box. An ordinary car owner is difficult to distinguish in the management of variable and automatic transmissions. The principle of the variator provides for efficient synchronization with the crankshaft, and the moment transfer takes place continuously, which makes it possible to significantly save fuel consumption. Transmissions of this type can be used on cars, motorcycles, scooters, but the CPT experiences such a load that does not allow its installation on a truck. In this article, we will consider: a variator, a variator gearbox, a device, the principle of operation.

Design

So, let's analyze the constituent parts. The device and the principle of the variator - has a large number of parts. The main aggregates are:

• The crankshaft and transmission detachment device;
• Variable speed;
• An additional reversing unit (this type of transmission is not provided by the design of the backward movement, for this purpose an ordinary planetary gearbox is mounted);
• Control unit controlling torque transmission and acceleration;
• Mechanism of automatic coupling of centrifugal action and an additional unit consisting of an electromagnet, and controlled by the electronics system;
• Transformer of hydraulic type.

This is the general structure of the variational box. Also there are different assemblies of such transmissions, differing in the type of torque transfer.

Variator - the principle of operation, types of variators

Design improvements have become the reason for the fact that several principles of this device appeared:

V-belt construction . The rotation of the crankshaft is transmitted to the propellers by means of one or two strong belts. Manufactured by special technology to ensure a high working life. This belt drive is mounted on two pulleys consisting of pairs of conical disks. The trick of this design solution is the variable diameter of the pulleys. Reducing and increasing the size of cones occurs with the participation of hydraulic system, centrifugal force and spring supports. Cones are placed under a slope, which allows minimizing the frictional force.

One of the first such transmissions often failed due to the fault of the belt. Modern automotive manufactures belt drives for innovative technologies, providing a service life of up to 2,000,000 kilometers traveled. Manufacture belts by weaving a special wire, recruiting and bonding steel plates together. In this case, such a transmission has good flexibility. It is these technical solutions that made it possible to classify such a checkpoint into the category of separate types of transmissions.

Variators with a wedge-chain drive . As a belt, a chain chain is used, which has good flexibility. With this system, the cone pulleys are made of special types of steel due to high loads. This scheme and the principle of the variator have a high efficiency. And all because the energy losses are significantly reduced.

How it works?

What is a variator, the principle of the variator? Variable gearbox can be controlled exclusively by the electronics system. This requires a rapid response to the increase in the speed of the crankshaft and the calculation of the motion of the cones to change the diameters of the pulleys. And the electronics takes into account the specific mode of the power plant, clutch and other nodes in real time.

The driver controls the transmission with a lever that has a set of functions similar to an automatic transmission. Electronics by means of calculations makes the diameter of the pulleys, which corresponds to the highest efficiency. When the speed at the output from the motor increases, the conical disks approach each other and the pulley's seating diameter increases. In parallel, the value of the gear ratio decreases. And there is a system responsible for synchronous movement of the cone parts. Their position and clearances are controlled by a sensor-controller. In the case of expanding the conical parts, the belt runs around the pulley along a small circle and at a narrowing - along a large diameter. Many car enthusiasts do not even ask themselves the question: what is a variator, device and principle of operation? Just call this device a box automatic, but the design they are very different.

The behavior of the transmission during acceleration and movement on the rise

When the car accelerates, this does not indicate a parallel increase in engine speed.

They remain unchanged during the speed increase. The variative box independently and smoothly changes the gear ratio. In the case of movement on the rise, when the car starts to slow down a little, the variator will reduce the gear ratio and will do the reverse procedure. Modes of the engine with such a transmission are winning.

Maintenance

The device and the operating principle of the variator make it a service inspection and troubleshooting by an expensive and labor-intensive operation. Eliminating serious damage to the belt or other parts is a costly affair. For the lubrication system , a special gear oil is used and has a high cost in the absence of warranty service. An on-board computer with a self-diagnostic function and a diagnostic connector can alert the vehicle to problems . With the help of the latter, service workers are connected to the electronics system to read fault codes and then clean them. Variators can be used on vehicles of small traction class.

Do I need to warm up the engine when starting traffic?

To start the car, equipped with variable gearboxes, the engine must be warmed up. This is due to the need to heat the lubricating fluid and deliver it to all the units and assemblies. If the lubricant is not supplied to some parts - this will increase wear, and will speed up the need for repair. You also need to periodically check the level of the transmission oil. Only after the warm-up procedure can you begin to move. For the absence of overloads and faults, it is worth abandoning towing cars and driving on roads that are in poor condition.

Variator (clutch) - the principle of operation, the device

To transfer the speed of the shaft elbows to the variator gearbox, the clutch mechanism is used. It consists of a body, a driven and a driving disk with damper springs and friction pads, a clutch mechanism. One disc is mounted on the motor shaft and rotates together with the shaft. The second element is installed at the entrance of the box and under the action of the clamping force is connected, transferring the torque to the gearbox. After this, the rotation will be transferred to the wheels.

Positive aspects

The principle of the variator makes it possible to make the car dynamic. Effective operation of the engine shows good fuel economy. When driving in conditions of slippery pavement, the slipping effect will be eliminated. In the movement there will be no jerks and jerks, unlike the mechanical box. Emissions of harmful substances will be lower than for ordinary cars, and acceleration is faster.