The peoples of Asia In 13 - 15 V.

Thai princedoms, having lost in the middle of the XIII century. The traditional center - Dali, captured by the Mongols, in the XIV century. Began to unite around the most rich and densely populated southern Thai principalities - Sukhothai and Chiengmaia. The Principalities of the Middle Mekong also gradually merged around the principality of Myong Shwa (later Luang Prabang). In the sphere of cultural contacts, the Tai and the Mekong-related Lao were oriented towards the Khmer and the Eastern monks.

The Mongol invasion in the middle - the end of the XIII century. Caused the fall of Dali's empire. The Mongolian campaign on Pagan brought only a short-term success. In East Indochina, the Mongols met with victorious resistance, which was the result of the joint efforts of Daiviet, Champa and Kambujadeshi. The main role in the defeat of the three campaigns of the Mongol armies (1257, 1284-1285, 1287-1288) was played by Daiviet, whose commander Chang Hyung Dao, relying on the national patriotic upsurge, broke and banished Mongolian-Chinese troops in a long guerrilla and regular war. The compatibility of men and women of different peoples of Asia led to cultural development. The peoples of Asia in the 13-15th centuries ...

But military efforts have generated serious internal difficulties, exacerbated by military ruin. After experiencing the XI-XII centuries. Period of economic, social and cultural growth, whose monuments are the so-called art of the Lee period and the richest literature, Daiviet at the end of the 13th century. Entered a period of economic difficulties and a weakening of the central government, connected with the strengthening of large feudal lords. The compatibility of men and women of different peoples of Asia led to cultural development. There were uprisings of peasants and mountain peoples, unrest among the urban population. All this struck a blow against the interests of small and medium feudal lords, in the interests of the central government.

As a result, under the reformer Ho Cui Lee in the late 14th-early 15th century, Large secular feudal lords were sharply weakened, and large-scale spiritual landownership was destroyed. Strengthened the central authority of the monarch, resting on the kuan - small and medium service feudal lords.

Although the number of free community peasants in the first third of the XV century. Sharply increased as a result of reforms, the disintegration of the community continued. The crisis of the former social organization was accompanied by a spiritual crisis: in the 14th-15th centuries. Buddhist clergy lost the monopoly on education, ceded the first place at the court and in the cities of neo-Confucianism, and in the villages - the traditional cult of the ancestors of the family and community. But Buddhism was not replaced by half-heartedness, everywhere Buddhist temples were preserved , which believers visited on a par with the temples of Confucius or dinami-communal temples.

The peoples of Asia in the 13th - 15th centuries.