The device of the gas boiler. Features, types, operating principles of gas boilers

In order to heat a country house or cottage, the gas boiler perfectly fits. It is one of the popular heat-generating units that are used to heat the room. An important advantage of this equipment is that it works on gas. Currently, this is the most economical fuel that is used to heat the premises. In addition, gas has a lower cost than other fuels. In order not to get confused in various heating equipment, it is necessary to study the structure of the gas boiler and its components. Only then it is possible to make the right choice of heat generator. The arrangement of the gas boiler of each species is approximately the same.

Elements of equipment

The main elements are as follows:

• The gas burner is a rectangular design with injectors inside it. They serve to supply gas to the combustion chamber, and also provide a uniform flame, thereby achieving uniform heating.
• The heat exchanger is a box with radiators. Inside it are pipes with coolant, as a rule, it is water. When the gas burns, heat is generated, which is transferred to the liquid. The device of a two-circuit gas boiler is distinguished by the presence of two heat exchangers - primary and secondary.
• To ensure pressure on the heating main, a circulation pump is used. This technical element may not be available in all types of gas boilers.
• If there is an intense heating of the coolant, then it must be removed for a while. For this purpose, the expansion tank serves.
• An important point is the removal of combustion products. They must be removed from the boilers with natural draft or built-in fan.
• The automation system includes a gas boiler control unit, which is implemented by means of various sensors.

Gas valve

In wall and floor units these elements are provided. The device of the gas boiler valve is intended for regulating the gas supply to the burner. That is, you open and close items at the right time.

Floor gas boiler

It is necessary to install this type of heat-generating unit, subject to availability of financial means for its purchase, as well as sufficient space.

The room must meet all technical requirements. The arrangement of the floor gas boiler is quite simple. The only difference from the other types is the presence of a dual-circuit heat exchanger.

Advantages and disadvantages of floor boilers

Among the advantages of such structures are the following:

• Do not have to fill up the combustible material, since the boiler is running on gas;
• The efficiency is quite high compared to the cost of fuel;
• Careful heating of large areas.

To the negative moments include the following points:

• To install this type of gas boiler it is necessary to collect the relevant documentation, which takes a lot of time;
• The impossibility of setting the back-end to the enclosing structures ;
• The need to equip the room with special ventilation for the discharge of combustion products.

Wall mounted gas engine

While remaining compact, such plants can perform the functions of a whole boiler house. The device of the wall gas boiler is no different from the floor type, except for the overall dimensions.

Pros and cons of wall units

Among the advantages of this type of gas boiler can be identified as follows:

• Compact size, which allows you to install it together with other appliances or furniture elements;
• The boiler includes all the necessary elements, the installation of additional bulky equipment is not required;
• If there is no gas for a long time, the device can easily be reconfigured to use gas cylinders.

Like every unit, the wall-mounted boiler has its drawbacks:

• The arrangement of gas heating boilers does not allow heating of a large area of the room.
• The presence of sensitivity to the chemical properties of the coolant. If no additional softener is installed, the heat exchanger will quickly fail. And its replacement is quite expensive.
• If the device of the heating gas boiler provides for the presence of a two-circuit system, an additional tap must be installed. In the open position, it serves to cool the coolant. The water supply starts 10 seconds after the tap is opened.

The difference between wall-mounted equipment from outdoor

The installation of a gas boiler of floor type differs from wall-mounted products. This is expressed not only in cost, installation conditions, but also in technical parameters. They determine the type of boiler. In addition, floor models have a longer life. This characteristic directly depends on the material from which all the structural elements are made. Typically, the boilers are made of a thick layer of cast iron, so that they are not exposed to corrosion for a long time.

In the design of the unit there are several types of burners: atmospheric and ventilation. The first type is inexpensive and easy to operate, and also does not cause much noise. The second type of burners is most often found in hinged boilers. They are more expensive, but they also have more power.

Protection system

The protection system is an important issue when choosing such equipment. When the electricity is turned off, the modern gas boilers are stopped and continue to work automatically when the electricity supply resumes. In the event of a gas shut-off, only the burners are closed automatically. After that, the system is started manually, because the automatic method does not exist.

The design of the gas boiler AOGV provides for the installation of anti-freeze protection, as well as energy-saving equipment. Thanks to the sensors, the coolant temperature is controlled.

When it is lowered to 5 ° C, the gas boiler is switched on for warm-up. As you know, heating in the summer period is not required. Therefore, in order not to break the rotor, it is necessary to turn on the pump. For this purpose, a special function is provided in the boilers.

In modern apparatuses, diagnostic systems are installed. They can independently analyze all elements and provide information about the overall state of the system. Such models check up to 90% of all equipment. Due to this, specialists quickly perform replacement or repair of a certain device.

Cost of heating boilers

As stated earlier, the price of wall and floor boilers is different. So, the cost of wall models ranges from 28 000 to 150 000 rubles, and floor - from 30 000 to 40 000 rubles. Do not forget that to install a floor unit, you need to collect a package of necessary documentation and equip a special room, which will result in additional financial costs.

The design and operation of a gas boiler

You need to start with the fact that the room is a thermometer, which measures the temperature of the air. If it falls, the three-way valve switches to the "heating" position. Then the circulation pump starts working and the water starts to move along the heating system.

Then the gas valve opens and the burner ignites. Heating of the coolant is due to the release of energy during the combustion of fuel. To measure the pressure and temperature in the structure, a thermostat and a manometer are provided. When the air temperature reaches the required parameters, the pump switches off automatically. Over time, this heating process is repeated. When the pump is in constant operation, the heating medium is heated 24 hours a day, which transfers its heat to the heating devices.

Automation system

A huge role in the functioning of gas boilers is played by the built-in automation system. It controls the operation of the unit in all modes and consists of the following elements:

• Sensors that regulate the height of the flame in the burner, as well as its temperature;
• A system for switching on and off the boiler in the event of a power failure;
• Sensors that regulate the gas pressure in the event of a failure with gas supply;
• Devices that serve to protect against freezing, this is relevant for the cold period of the year when it is necessary to dismantle the boiler;
• Equipment for switching on the circulation pump for prolonged non-use of the system;
• System of self-diagnosis and detection of errors in the operation of individual elements.

If you know the structure of a gas boiler, you can easily choose the right model, saving money while buying and operating.

Reviews

The opinions of the users of the wall and floor boilers were divided. After all, these designs have a number of differences. So, the wall unit can not heat a large area of the room than the floor analog. Therefore, people choose gas boilers, starting from this principle.

So, users of wall devices distinguish a number of advantages. So, in their opinion, such units have small overall dimensions, which makes it possible to install together with other elements. The negative side is the sensitivity to the heat carrier. If the water is of poor quality, the heat exchanger can quickly break down. Its replacement is quite expensive.

Floor boilers in their technical characteristics are superior to wall types and are used to heat a large area.

The only drawback that many users have identified is the installation process. To mount the equipment it is necessary to allocate a separate room, since it is quite bulky. Also it is necessary to collect certain documents, which takes a lot of time. Another important point is the removal of combustion products. In the room where the unit will be installed, natural or mechanical ventilation should be equipped.

Conclusion

The gas boiler is an important element of the heating system. It is he who carries out the heating of the coolant, which then flows into the pipes and radiators. Working on a fuel such as gas is the best option for creating comfortable conditions in the room. So, we found out the arrangement of the gas boiler. We hope that this information will help you choose the right device.