Submersible centrifugal pumps: the design and application of pumps for wells and wells

How to choose the right equipment for the organization of autonomous water supply? Along with the arrangement of the source of water intake (well, well), it is necessary to pay special attention to the way to raise liquid from them to the surface. To solve this problem, submersible centrifugal pumps are usually installed.

Purpose

Autonomous water supply consists of several elements: a source of drinking water, a system of pipelines and mechanisms for creating pressure to transport liquid. Their proper design and interaction with each other is the key to optimal performance.

Pumping equipment is the main part that should solve the following tasks:

• The rise of drinking water from an underground source to its distribution system.
• Provide the required head and volume.
• Uninterrupted operation (in accordance with operating conditions).
• Maximum simplicity of control and automation of the process.

One of the optimal solutions satisfying the above conditions will be the installation of centrifugal pumps. Along with a simple and reliable design, they have good operational properties. Their main area of application is the raising of water from wells and wells. Depending on the depth, submersible centrifugal pumps of different power are installed. For artesian wells this figure can reach 50 m. Wells in most cases have a depth of up to 7 m.

Operating principle

The basis for the correct choice and operation is the scheme of operation, which distinguishes submersible centrifugal pumps from other devices of similar purpose. Their design corresponds to the operating conditions - while in a liquid environment, the housing must not be corroded. As an electric motor is used as the power unit, it is mandatory to have full waterproofing to avoid breakages and malfunctions. Consider the device of a submersible centrifugal pump. A typical pump consists of the following elements:

1. The electric motor is a hermetic part of the pump in which the power unit is installed. With the help of the shaft, the energy of rotation is transmitted to the next node.
2. Blade compartment - located at the bottom of the device. It is designed to create pressure, due to which the water rises.
3. Pipeline - transport unit for moving the liquid to the consumer point - the system of water supply at home or watering.

The pump is made of materials that are not susceptible to corrosion - high quality polymers or stainless steel. In the lower part of the body there are receiving holes, which serve as a filter. Large particles of debris do not enter the pump. During the rotation of the blades under the action of the centrifugal force , water masses move along the receiving chamber of the device. At the same time, they act as a cooler for the engine, preventing it from overheating. For a timely start (stop), the float level sensors are connected to the pump control unit. In addition to them, external control elements can be connected to the system - a signaling device for pressure in the house water supply or direct switching on (off).

Kinds

Depending on the technical characteristics, submersible centrifugal pumps may differ slightly in design. When choosing the optimal model, consideration should be given to the composition and degree of water pollution, as well as the depth of its occurrence. The latter factor will directly affect the power of the pump.

The design of household models is relatively simple: the engine, together with the impeller, creates a sufficient head of water during operation. They are simple, reliable, have small overall dimensions. But if the horizon of drinking water is deep enough, complex types of construction should be installed.

To increase this parameter, centrifugal submersible pumps for water are equipped with a more powerful engine, or a vertical pulley with several impellers. Due to this, they create an increased water pressure to lift it to the surface.

Similar designs are also used for pumping oil. They have good performance, and most importantly - reliable.

Characteristics

A standard household centrifugal submersible pump is selected based on its technical characteristics. Pay attention to the power factor. It is the determining factor when choosing a particular device model. In addition, it is necessary to know such device parameters:

• The volume of the pumped liquid is l / min.
• The height of the water column. Determines the maximum depth of the well (well) and the horizontal length of the pipeline.
• Additional equipment - water level sensors and emergency shutdown.

The body of most devices is made of stainless steel. In low-power models, designed for a small height of water supply, it can be made of polymer materials.

terms of Use

Modern submersible centrifugal pumps must operate under conditions that are clearly stipulated in the instructions. From this will depend not only on the quality of the device, but also on its durability. The main operational characteristics include the composition and temperature of water, the degree of its contamination. Also, special attention should be paid to stabilizing the applied voltage.

Often submersible centrifugal pumps for wells are installed on personal plots where current surges are common. The electric motor does not have effective protection against such changes. Therefore, it is recommended to connect the device via the stabilization unit.

Installation

The basic installation rules are described in detail in the operating instructions. If you need to install a centrifugal submersible pump for the well, you should consider a system for fixing it. There is a special fastening element on the pump casing. It is necessary for installation of a submersible cable.

The material of its manufacture must meet the following requirements:

• Do not corrode.
• The tensile load must exceed the weight of the device by at least 5 times.

Do not lower the device with a power cable. The main load should lie on the mounting cable. It is attached to the surface: either to the transverse beam at the borehole, or to the outer protective walls of the well.

Service

The instructions also indicate the approximate duration of the preventive maintenance. Basically, they consist of checking the tightness of the housing, replacing rubber seals on the engine rod and cleaning the connection pins. In the event of an unforeseen breakdown, you should contact the manufacturer's representative or a specialized repair shop.

Also it is necessary to take into account that submersible centrifugal pumps can be additionally equipped with filters for preliminary water treatment. They are installed on the inlet of the device and replaced with the pollution.

Tips for choosing

Before purchase it is necessary to clearly know the operating conditions under which the centrifugal submersible pump for the well will work optimally. To do this, it is recommended to follow the following recommendations:

1. Water consumption. The speed of the water supply must correspond to the design norms.
2. The height of the water column. When calculating it, not only the depth of the well (well) is taken into account, but also the horizontal sections. For them a decreasing coefficient of 0.1 is used. If the depth of the well is 7 m and the horizontal pipeline has a length of 12 m, then the minimum height of the pump water column should be: 7 + 12 x 0.1 = 8.2 m.
3. The presence of water level sensors in the kit.
4. Warranty for equipment, remoteness of the equipment manufacturer's service center.

Given these indicators, it is possible to select the optimal model of the pumping station, which will ensure the proper volume of water. In addition, they can perform the functions of draining flooded cellars and cellars. The main thing is to take into account the composition of the liquid and the permissible rates of its contamination for a particular pump model.

Due to this, they create an increased water pressure to lift it to the surface.