Spirals of the Navy: types, action, manufacturer reviews

The problem of unwanted pregnancy was relevant at all times. The child should appear with the consent of both parents. And to prevent a large number of abortions, many methods of contraception have been created. This and special tablets, and vaginal candles, and even a patch. Today, the spiral of the IUD is also very common. What are they? Let's try to understand.

What it is?

A small device made of metal or plastic is called a spiral. It is introduced into the uterus to prevent unwanted pregnancy. For the manufacture of the device, silver or copper is most often used. This method of contraception today is very popular. The efficiency reaches 98%. Women who have not yet given birth, it is undesirable to install an IUD (spiral). Reviews note that in this case, the risk of side effects is significantly increased.

From the beginning of the 20th century, a huge number of intrauterine spirals were invented. The most qualitative were the devices of the T-shape, which easily entered the uterine cavity and impeded the development of pregnancy. A device was installed exclusively by a specialist in a medical institution. Before use, the patient is advised of the development of possible complications. This may be a violation of the menstrual cycle, erosion, infectious and inflammatory diseases, bleeding, rejection of the spiral. In rare cases, an ectopic pregnancy develops.

It should be prepared for the fact that in the first days after the installation of the IUD spiral, there may be discomfort in the lower abdomen, as well as pain during intercourse. If the symptoms do not go away within a week, you should consult a gynecologist for advice.

Mechanism of action of the intrauterine device

It blocks several complex natural processes of the Navy. The intrauterine device, which includes copper, creates a destructive environment for spermatozoa and eggs. Metal is excreted into the uterine cavity as long as the spiral is inside the body. Also popular are the devices with progesterone. The hormone, getting into the blood, blocks ovulation, promotes the thickening of the cervical mucus. The egg does not ripen at all, pregnancy does not occur.

The effect of the IUD (spiral) is also due to a change in the structure of the walls of the uterus. Even if fertilization occurs, the egg can not gain a foothold within the reproductive organ. As a result, menstrual bleeding occurs with a slight delay. In rare cases, the ovum is still attached, but outside the uterus. Statistics say that most of the ectopic pregnancies occur in those women who use a spiral for the purpose of contraception.

The foreign body in the uterus cavity itself gives a contraceptive effect. The walls of the uterus contract more intensively. Thanks to this sperm and egg can not move normally.

The effectiveness of intrauterine spirals is quite high due to the summation of various mechanisms of action. If the device is installed correctly, 98% of cases can be protected from unwanted pregnancy. What kind of spiral to use, it is better to consult a gynecologist. The doctor will perform all necessary tests and install the device. A significant advantage is the long-term effect of contraception. Spiral IUD can be in the uterine cavity for two to five years, depending on the quality and material of manufacture.

Inert intrauterine devices

The first semblance of the modern Navy appeared in 1960 thanks to the scholar Margulis. Then a spiral device was created, which significantly reduced the risk of complications. All types of IUDs - spirals that are used today have a linear construction. Due to this, the device is easily inserted through a special plastic tube.

In 1962, Lips's loop was first produced. This device had threads that hung from the uterus cavity into the vagina. Thanks to this foreign body could be easily removed after a lapse of time. Lips's loop is currently used quite rarely due to low efficiency. Only 70% of cases can be protected from unwanted pregnancy. But in the second half of the 20th century, adaptation was widely used in family planning programs around the world. Many people helped to protect themselves from an unwanted pregnancy similar to the Navy (spiral). Side effects only developed in rare cases. The device was soft and flexible. Due to this, it was easily removed from the uterine cavity for medical reasons.

In the likeness of the Lips loop, devices have been created that are widely used today. Popular types of IUDs (spirals) will be described below.

Spirals with copper content

These adaptations in shape resemble a loop of Lips. The main difference is the copper content. Metal all the time is allocated to the uterine cavity, preventing the development of the egg and the normal movement of spermatozoa. Modern spirals of the Navy are made flexible and durable. They are easily installed and uninhibited. Gynecologists identify models of such manufacturers as Paragard, Copper-T, Multiload, and Nova-T. There are also other spirals containing copper, which are made in the shape of an umbrella or ring. But such adaptations do not differ with great efficiency. In addition, their use significantly increases the risk of side effects.

The intra-uterine contraceptives of the firm "Multiload" are made in the form of a half-oval with small metal tendrils. This shape allows the device to be better placed in the uterine cavity . Removing the spiral also does not cause major complications. Do this should only a gynecologist in a medical institution. The spiral of the firm "Multiload" refers to the average price category. For the adaptation will have to pay about 2500 rubles.

Also popular is the product of the manufacturer Nova-T. IUD - spiral (installation of the device is very simple due to the special form) - visually similar to the big letter "t". Horizontal branches are made of high-quality plastic. It is possible to stay in the uterine cavity for a long period. Specialists also recommend changing it every 4-5 years. For a spiral "Nova-T" it is necessary to pay about 2000 rubles.

You can also use the economical model of domestic production of "Juno Bio". Also executed in the form of the letter "t" this IUD (spiral). The feedback from specialists shows that the device is highly effective for two years of use. In the future it is desirable to replace it.

Hormonal-containing spirals

These adaptations combine the advantages of several types of contraceptives. They not only mechanically block the main processes of fertilization, but also secrete a special hormone, which is responsible for the development of the egg. Spirals of the Navy are also made in the form of the letter "t". The leg of the device is filled with progesterone and levonorgestrel. Side effects practically do not develop. Hormones enter the body evenly over several years. Most of these spirals can be used for 5-6 years.

The most expensive hormonal spirals produced by the company "Mirena". But the accommodation is really worth its money. Experts' reviews show that women who have established the device significantly reduce the risk of developing inflammatory processes. The effectiveness of protection against unwanted pregnancy is 98%. The only disadvantage is an increase in the number of intermenstrual secretions. The problem is solved by using daily gaskets. Qualitative Navy - the spiral "Mirena" - will cost more than 8000 rubles. You can find it in almost any pharmacy.

Experts do not recommend nulliparous women to use the IUD (spiral). The installation of such a contraceptive is fraught with infertility. However, medicine does not stand still. A special kind of IUD (spirals "Multiload") with the content of hormones was invented. It is a spiral that can effectively protect against unwanted pregnancy for two years. The device is easily installed and removed in a medical facility.

Intrauterine spirals with silver

Silver has a disinfectant and antibacterial effect. It is no accident that this metal is widely used in the medical field. The Navy (spiral) with silver is the choice of many women. Such a contraceptive not only protects against unwanted pregnancy, but also treats the uterine cavity, reduces the risk of erosion. For spermatozoa, silver is toxic. They die on the way to the egg. This increases the effect of using the IUD. Most spirals with silver content can be used for about five years.

Silver positively affects the uterine cavity. Metal is able to remove inflammatory processes. It is worth remembering only that it does not help to protect against sexually transmitted diseases, the IUD (spiral). Side effects seem to be a minor problem compared to those infections that can be obtained if a woman leads a sexually promiscuous life. The main purpose of the spiral is protection from unwanted pregnancy.

Women who have not yet given birth, the Navy with silver content is not installed. Prepare for the fact that menstruation after the installation of a contraceptive will become more painful and prolonged. If the spiral delays discomfort for a long period of time, it is better to remove it. For some women, such a contraceptive is not suitable due to the special structure of the uterus.

IUDs with silver can be installed on any day of the menstrual cycle, when there is no bleeding. After childbirth or abortion, a contraceptive is given after six weeks.

Spirals with gold content

Any metal is corroded over time. The only exception is gold. This precious metal has full compatibility with the human body and almost never causes allergies. Intrauterine spirals with gold content are suitable for women with increased sensitivity. As well as the device with silver, the Navy (spiral) with gold has an anti-inflammatory effect. The risk of erosion is significantly reduced. The only drawback is the cost of the contraceptive. For one device you will have to pay more than 15 000 rubles. Validity period does not exceed five years. Not every woman will agree to such expenses.

An intrauterine spiral with a gold content has a minimum of risks. The effectiveness of protection against unwanted pregnancy reaches 99%. Such devices, unfortunately, are not installed by women who have not yet given birth. But in the postnatal period, this spiral is ideal. The contraceptive allows a woman to recover more quickly after pregnancy and promotes the healing of small cracks in the uterine cavity.

Installation of an intrauterine device

In any pharmacy you can buy an IUD (spiral). A photo of a particular manufacturer's model can always be found in the catalog. But you can not introduce a contraceptive yourself. This is done by a qualified specialist in a medical institution. Before installation the gynecologist is obliged to conduct a number of studies and analyzes. Only in this way can you determine which type of spiral will suit a particular woman. In addition, the specialist must make sure that there are no contraindications.

The intrauterine device is not prescribed for women who have inflammation of the appendages. Initially, you should cure the disease, and only then choose a suitable contraceptive. Contraindications to the use of spirals are also infections that are transmitted sexually. The spirals are fixed only in rare cases to nulliparous women. The risk of infertility is significantly increased.

In most cases, specialists inject the IUD on the fourth day after the onset of menstrual bleeding. At this time, the cervix is slightly ajar, and there are practically no abundant secretions. In addition, it is this period that is the least suitable for conception. Until the full development of the egg remains even more than 7 days. To begin to live a sexual life it is possible in some days after installation of the adaptation.

Trust the installation of the IUD should only be verified by a specialist. The fact that this operation was performed incorrectly can indicate profuse bleeding for several days, as well as severe pain in the abdomen. Without urgent consultation, a doctor can not do. Perhaps the inept actions of a specialist who installed a spiral provoked damage to the uterine wall.

After installing the device, women notice that menstruation becomes more prolonged. This is absolutely normal. Worry should be only if the bleeding is accompanied by severe pain.

In 7-10% of cases there is a loss of a spiral from the uterus. This can be due to the special structure of the woman's body. Most often this situation occurs during menstrual bleeding. This is fraught with an unplanned pregnancy. Often women do not even suspect that the spiral has shifted.

Removing the IUD

There are several reasons for removing the spiral from the uterine cavity. It is necessary to carry out the procedure after the expiry date of the device has expired. Also, the spiral is removed if there is a desire to have a baby, develop a tumor or inflammation of the appendages. Displacement of the contraceptive in the uterus is also an indication for its removal.

Only a specialist in a medical institution can extract the IUD (spiral). Removal - the procedure is completely painless, if the woman is healthy. Independently to conduct any manipulation should not be. Thus, it is possible to damage the walls of the uterus or cervix. The procedure is carried out in two stages. Initially, a gynecologist examines a woman, assesses the condition of the spiral. If the patient did not turn to a specialist in a timely manner, the coalescence of the spiral with the walls of the uterus is possible. In this case, it is not possible to remove the foreign body painlessly. If any complications arise, the removal is performed with the help of hysteroscopy.

When can I remove the spiral? The IUD can most easily be removed during menstrual bleeding. If necessary, perform local anesthesia. Hysteroscopy is performed under general anesthesia. If there is no way to get the spiral through the cervical canal, the operation is performed with the opening of the abdominal cavity.

Let's sum up the results

Choosing an intrauterine device as a contraceptive method, you should weigh the pros and cons. This option is more suitable for women who have already experienced the joy of motherhood and do not plan to give birth within five years. It is worth remembering that the spiral protects only from pregnancy. But for sexually transmitted diseases, the IUD is not a hindrance.

A woman who has established an intrauterine device needs to visit the gynecologist regularly (at least twice a year) and monitor the condition of the genitals. The foreign body located in the uterine cavity can cause corresponding reactions from the urogenital system. Inflammatory processes can develop which are fraught with unpleasant consequences. The most difficult of them is infertility. For this reason, it is highly undesirable to establish a spiral on women who do not wear it.

After the expiration date, the IUD should be removed from the uterine cavity. Foreign body after 6-7 years grows into the endometrium. In this case, it will not be possible to remove the spiral in the usual way. Surgery can not be avoided. Other complications are also possible.