Sinusitis is ... Sinusitis: symptoms and treatment. Antibiotics for sinusitis

Inflammation of the sinuses of the nose is called sinusitis. This is a whole group of diseases, the name of each of which depends on the localization of the infection in one or another sinus. This publication is devoted to such issues as the symptoms of sinusitis in adults, treatment of the disease, its features in children and the causes of the disease.

What is sinusitis?

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and nasal passages, which is also called sinusitis. Infection can cause a headache, pressure in the eyes, nose, cheeks or on one side of the head. Sinusitis in adults can also be manifested by coughing, nasal congestion, difficulty breathing and sore throat. Sinusitis, the symptoms and treatment of which are discussed below, is divided into two main categories - acute and chronic. Sinusitis is quite common.

Acute maxillary sinusitis, as a rule, lasts no more than 7-8 weeks and occurs with a frequency of two to three times a year, lasting every 10 days. There are many medicines that are effective in fighting acute sinusitis. Successful and timely treatment prevents damage to the nasal mucosa and nearby bones of the skull. Chronic sinusitis usually lasts more than two months. Their exacerbation occurs with a frequency of four to five times a year, and the symptoms can last more than 20 days.

Anatomy of the nasal sinuses

The human skull in the nose region consists of four pairs of hollow bones forming the paranasal sinuses. They reduce the weight of the skull, allow the voice to resonate, contribute to the warming.

The four main pairs of sinuses include:

• Frontal;
• Maxillary;
• Latticular sinuses;
• Wedge shaped.

The surface of the paranasal sinuses is covered by the mucosa with cells equipped with tiny hairs. They catch bacteria and particles of dust that get when breathing from the outside.

Causes

Acute sinusitis usually develops due to the entry of a viral infection into the upper respiratory tract. However, various allergens and contaminants can also cause acute sinusitis. Viral infection damages the cells of the sinus tissue and leads to inflammation. The tissue becomes inflamed, thickens, the nasal passage narrows. Such an obstacle further disrupts the natural process of purification and removal of bacteria and contaminants, therefore, accumulating there, the microorganisms begin to multiply and affect the mucous membrane of the sinus. This causes symptoms of sinusitis in adults and children, and allergens and dust can produce a similar effect.

What microorganisms cause sinusitis?

Bacteria that most often provoke sinusitis:

• Pneumococcal streptococcus Streptococcus pneumonia;
• Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus ;
• Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus influenza, or Pfeiffer's wand;
• Gram-negative diplococcus Moraxella catarrhalis.

Mushrooms are also increasingly the cause of the development of chronic sinusitis, especially in people with diseases that undermine the immune system: AIDS, diabetes and leukemia.

Symptoms and signs

So, sinusitis is a condition in which the paranasal sinuses become inflamed and cause breathing problems. Respiratory disorders, in turn, lead to a decline in human energy and create a general sense of the disease for several days.

Chronic purulent sinusitis is an inflammation that is present for a long time in the sinuses, which from time to time under certain conditions makes itself felt by exacerbations. Chronic sinusitis significantly reduces the level of human energy, undermining the normal state, health. Symptoms of chronic sinusitis include lack of free and full breathing due to blockage of sinuses. As a result of oxygen in the lungs is not enough, a person is tired, dizziness is observed. These symptoms can be accompanied by the appearance of a dull headache.

During acute sinusitis, fever, severe headache, sometimes leading to vomiting may be involved. Most often one of the sinuses is basic, more inflamed. If the infection has settled in the sphenoid sinus, it is a wedge-shaped sinusitis, which is very difficult to diagnose. This type of disease is manifested by dull headaches, which can last for several days in a row.

Latticular sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which are in the anterior, middle and posterior parts of the trellis. Symptoms of this form of sinusitis are pain in the area around the eyes and in the temples. There is a stuffy nose and an inability to breathe, which is a common sign of all types of sinusitis. Nasal congestion, fever, sore throat, sensation of nausea often manifests fungal sinusitis. Symptoms and treatment of the disease are determined by which sinuses are involved in the inflammatory process and what form of sinusitis is chronic or acute.

Signs of acute sinusitis

The table below lists the main symptoms of acute sinusitis for each type of disease. It should be noted that acute sinusitis is characterized by severe nasal congestion and headaches.

Signs of chronic sinusitis

The table below shows the main characteristic symptoms of different types of chronic sinusitis.

Treatment

Therapy of chronic sinusitis can be carried out through the use of antibiotics, however, one should remember about their side effects and entrust the choice and duration of admission to the treating doctor. There are different ways and methods of treatment that help alleviate the discomfort caused by sinusitis. For example, removing the secret from the sinuses clears the nasal cavity and restores normal breathing.

Saline solution for nasal lavage is the most famous and ancient method of treating precisely acute forms of the disease. Sinusitis is a pathology, which can also be cured by inhalation. Treatment of sinusitis, latticed, wedge-shaped and bacterial sinusitis should be done only according to the prescriptions and recommendations of an ENT doctor. Antibiotics for sinusitis are also prescribed by a doctor.

Councils and popular treatment of sinusitis

Drink plenty of pure water and hot herbal tea. Inhale the steam by bending over a container with hot water or a decoction of chamomile, oak or sage bark for 10 minutes every day - this is an effective remedy if you have chronic sinusitis. The testimonials of people say that the hot shower and the regular bathhouse have a beneficial effect. All these methods contribute to the drainage of mucus and pus from the sinuses.

Of the drugs effectively expel mucus from the respiratory tract helps the drug "Guaifenesin". You can also combine decongestants and antitussives. Pain pain relievers, such as Asibuprofen, Aspirin, and Andaproxen, will help relieve pain. They not only relieve pain, but also reduce inflammation. The drug "Acetaminophen", whose action is aimed at anesthetizing and overcoming fever, has proved itself well.

Sinusitis in children

Chronic sinusitis in a child brings considerable discomfort, since the inability to breathe freely is one of the worst conditions. In addition to this symptom, the onset of headache and heaviness in the face causes the child a constant feeling of malaise and fatigue. Acute sinusitis is easy to diagnose, but it is often confused with a cold. Treatment of sinusitis in children should be carried out strictly according to the prescriptions of the doctor. Since self-medication can only harm, causing the development of a chronic form of sinusitis.

Symptoms of sinusitis in children are most often similar to those in adults, but often headaches and difficulty in breathing can be more severe. Treatment of sinusitis in children is determined by the doctor on the basis of symptoms and diagnosis. In this case, surgical intervention is not recommended until the main methods will not bring a positive result and success. Antibiotics for sinusitis in children are not recommended as a means of therapy, as they can harm an organism that has not yet gained strength. However, if necessary, the doctor can still prescribe acceptable antibacterial drugs. This is especially true of sinusitis, the infection in which were provoked by bacterial microorganisms.

In case of serious symptoms, the attending physician may prescribe antihistamines and decongestants to help the child breathe easier. The genyantritis, which has arisen on the basis of a virus infection, in most cases passes independently, not passing in the chronic form. At home, you can also try using a warm compress on the nasal sinus.

Change your lifestyle

Despite the fact that sinusitis is not considered threatening for life, yet when it is not working, it brings a lot of pain and discomfort. Simple changes in lifestyle can help your child recover health, breathe freely and cope with pain. We offer some recommendations that will be useful.

Use a humidifier in the house and keep the humidity at 40-50%. This will prevent the formation of dry air, which has an irritating effect on the sinuses of the nose. Keep clean. Regularly do wet cleaning and ventilate the room. Teach your child to follow the rules of personal hygiene.

If you smoke, find the strength to give up this harmful and negative habit. Passive exposure of tobacco smoke to the nasal mucosa and nasal sinuses, as well as to the lungs, can lead to not only the occurrence of sinusitis, but also other more serious health problems.

Try to limit the child's access to various irritants of the respiratory tract and allergens of the environment, especially in the early stages of his life. Some foods can exacerbate symptoms of sinusitis, such as cold drinks.

Treatment with inhalation

As natural remedies of traditional medicine for the treatment of sinusitis, in the first place, perhaps, are inhalations. You can breathe over solutions of various products and products in hot water. We list the most effective of them:

• Dry menthol;
• Decoction of potatoes;
• Chamomile medicinal;
• Broths of lavender and mother-and-stepmother;
• Yarrow;
• plantain;
• propolis tincture;
• St. John's wort;
• Ordinary baking soda;
• Eucalyptus leaves or eucalyptus oil 3-4 drops per 1 liter of water;
• Natural floral honey.

Compresses and ointments

For compresses that are also useful, you can use a softened hot beeswax, chopped garlic or radish wrapped in cheesecloth. You can also prepare natural nasal drops from such products as honey and aloe leaf juice, Ledum oil oil, purified birch tar, a mixture of tea and eucalyptus tincture.

The zone of the sinuses of the nose can be lubricated with ointments and mixtures prepared at home. The best are such compounds:

• Sea salt and interior fat;
• Vegetable oil, wax and propolis;
• Alcoholic tincture from the leaves of aloe, celandine and red pepper;
• Honey, onion juice and vegetable oil.

All these folk remedies are effective and useful only if the prescribing doctor's instructions in the main direction of therapy and regularity of application are observed.