Secondary wrinkled kidney: causes, symptoms, treatment, prognosis

Patients encountering urological pathologies, hear from the doctors the term parenchyma of the kidney. What is it, most often, experts are not asked and remain in ignorance.

The concept and main functions of the kidney parenchyma

The parenchyma is the main tissue of the organ. Its constituent parts are cells of the brain (inner layer) and cortical (outer layer) matter. The structure of the tissue is smooth, looks like a capsule in which the organ and elements of the urinary system are placed.

The main function of the parenchyma is the removal of metabolic products from the body and, as a consequence, the creation of conditions for the preservation of the natural internal state of the organ.

The thickness of the kidney tissue in a healthy person in the middle age group is from 15 to 23 millimeters. If the patient has ever had infectious diseases, there are untreated inflammatory and chronic processes of the urinary system, this will lead to thinning of the tissue. However, the parenchyma has the capacity for gradual recovery.

Now you will not be scared of the term kidney parenchyma, what it is and what its functions are, it became known.

Distinctive features of the primary and secondary forms of the disease

The primary and secondary shriveled kidney differences are insignificant. They are the factor that triggered the development of pathology - a concomitant disease.

In patients who have been diagnosed with damage to their own tissues of the arteries, the primary wrinkled kidney develops. The main precursors of this form of pathology are: high blood pressure, at which hypertensive crises are observed, and lung diseases of the cardiac and vascular system.

If a patient has abnormalities of the excretory system, he begins to thin out and lose his functional ability of the parenchyma, accordingly, a pathology develops-a secondarily wrinkled kidney.

Etiology

Studying the peculiarities of pathology, it is necessary to know the causes, under the influence of which develops such a disease as a secondarily wrinkled kidney:

• Infectious organ damage by tuberculosis bacteria;
• Bacterial damage of kidney tubules of a non-specific nature;
• Defeat glomerulus;
• Formation of concrements in the body cavity;
• diabetes.

All these diseases lead to a violation of blood circulation. Lack of blood leads to unilateral or bilateral wrinkling of the organ. The process can last for years, and in weakened places, first the connective tissue grows, and then the scar is formed.

Given that the secondarily wrinkled kidney causes the formation of different, and against her background develops kidney failure, in urology this diagnosis is quite common. Each patient needs regular medical examination and the procedure of extrarenal blood purification, which allows removing toxic substances from the body.

Clinical picture and mechanism of formation

At the first examination, doctors can not make a final diagnosis. However, there are a number of symptomatic manifestations, which are characteristic exclusively for nephrosclerosis. The most striking is the disruption of urinary excretion, which the patient indicates when collecting an anamnesis. Analysis of biological material shows that the daily rate is exceeded. At night, more urine is excreted, rather than during the day.

To less obvious manifestations include:

1. The presence of protein in the urine.
2. The specific gravity of urine is below normal.
3. Arterial blood pressure is consistently high.
4. There were cases of hypertensive crisis.
5. There are pains in the lumbar region.

Secondarily wrinkled kidney is a macro preparation, for which a characteristic feature is partial preservation of the shape, while reducing weight and size. With the progression of the pathology, the color of the organ changes. In the initial stage, the kidney has a clear shade of blood, and if it lacks the organ acquires a gray tint, visible scars appear on the surface. Places of hemorrhage are not found.

Probable cause of clinical indicators is primarily the deposition and clogging of the renal vessels with cholesterol plaques, which led to the development of hypertension. As secondary causes are often pathologies of the stroma, tubules and glomeruli, for example, inflammation or dystrophy.

The preliminary outcome of treatment can be favorable, provided that the patient is diagnosed with a primary wrinkled kidney. Treatment by regular hemodialysis will lead to the development of chronic type of suburhemia.

In the conclusions, doctors often indicate such a fact as a physiological change in the parenchyma (a degeneration occurs in the connective tissue).

The clinical picture shows a diagnosis: a second wrinkled kidney.

Methods of modern diagnosis of the disease

The information obtained during the initial examination and the results of the analyzes is not enough to finally diagnose the patient. In this situation, doctors resort to modern diagnostic techniques, allowing to establish the cause, shape and severity of pathology.

So, the patient can be assigned:

• General and clinical analysis of blood;
• Repeated urinalysis;
• Ultrasound diagnosis of the kidneys;
• Radiography of the lumbar spine;
• Magnetic resonance imaging;
• Contrast computer diagnostics.

In most cases, several tests and one complete scan of the body are sufficient, possibly using a contrast medium.

At the first consultation, the doctor must conduct a thorough history review. This will establish whether a lifestyle is acceptable for the patient, whether he has chronic or concomitant pathologies, and whether there has ever been treatment of the genitourinary system. Mandatory palpation of the kidneys and examination of the skin for rashes.

Correctly to appoint or nominate treatment and to diagnose "a secondarily wrinkled kidney" can only the qualified and skilled urologist.

Therapeutic methods of elimination of pathology

Pathology "secondarily wrinkled kidney" treatment primarily involves symptomatic and aimed at combating the underlying cause that triggered the development of the disease.

In cases where the patient has pathology solely accompanied by hypertension, and the symptoms of renal failure do not appear, doctors prescribe a salt-free diet.

If the symptoms of renal insufficiency are detected, the primary abolition of medications that lower blood pressure is prescribed. The diet includes refusing to eat meat in all types, including meat broths. This will help reduce the amount of nitrogenous toxins.

If primary treatment is ineffective, surgical intervention accompanied by hemodialysis and transplantation of the donor organ is necessary.

Recommended diet in case of illness

A salt-free diet provides for the exclusion from consumption of such products: meat, fish, citrus. Prohibited acute, sour, salty and spicy. It is also necessary to completely abandon coffee drinks and pure coffee, smoked products and sausages, chocolate, sorrel, onion and garlic, spinach and asparagus.

It is necessary to monitor the daily volume of liquid. It should not exceed one and a half liters, including the first dishes.

The use of animal protein should be minimized. Ideally, it should be replaced with vegetable or soy. Caloric content of food should be high, with the content of polyunsaturated acids. Consumption of products containing phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, should be reduced.

How to prevent the development of nephrosclerosis

Measures to prevent the disease are very extensive, but the main ones are as follows:

1. It is necessary to treat illnesses of an infectious nature in time.
2. Observe the diet regime.
3. Monitor the metabolism.
4. Do not allow the development of diseases of the genitourinary system.
5. To live an active lifestyle.
6. Do not allow injuries to the kidneys.
7. Drink only purified water.

Patients who are prone to developing kidney pathologies are advised to undergo regular checkups at the nephrologist.

Prognosis for recovery

In most cases, with the diagnosis of "secondarily wrinkled kidney," the prognosis for recovery is unfavorable. You can not completely overcome the disease, you can only maintain a stable state of the patient.

Under certain conditions and if there is a possibility, it is necessary to perform an operation on kidney transplantation.