Residential territories are ... Residential area is intended for ... Land for residential development

A significant part of the modern population of the Earth lives in cities. However, few people think about the territory on which his house stands. But the land for residential development may not be in every place. The material presented below is intended for the most complete understanding of this issue.

Residential area: definition

Traditionally, before you start to study a particular issue, you need to thoroughly familiarize yourself with the terminology used in it. So, residential areas are plots of land that can be used to accommodate a public, residential and recreational zone, as well as some separate elements of transport and engineering infrastructure. In addition, there may also be other facilities, economic activities and placement of which do not require protective and sanitary zones because of their impact. However, it must also be borne in mind that residential areas are a term referring only to territories within urban-type settlements and cities themselves. Thus, such a definition is not applicable, for example, to the villages.

Accommodation

The residential area of the city takes on average about 60% of the total area. Based on the definition, it can accommodate various industrial, entertainment and utility facilities. The organization of such territories has a clearly defined direction: the creation of effective and maximally convenient conditions for the fulfillment of the household and social needs of the population. This, in turn, contributes to minimizing time costs and increasing the availability of all kinds of service points, cultural and entertainment facilities, as well as recreational facilities.

Composition

The structure of the residential area implies the presence of such facilities as residential areas (neighborhoods, neighborhoods); Roads and streets; Green plantations intended for general use (parks, gardens, gardens); Sites of public, administrative and cultural institutions. Thus, a full-fledged and balanced unit of a person's social life becomes a residential area, which includes a variety of institutions of both periodic and everyday cultural and everyday services of residents. The residential area is designed for mutual communication between the city districts, as well as with industrial districts, city centers, points of location and stops of external transport, green areas and so on. In addition to all of the above, an important element is the system of pedestrian routes. After all, it is thanks to them that the townspeople can quickly reach the places of mass visit they are interested in, located within the area under consideration. Therefore, for safety reasons, it is necessary to have similar alleys so that they have a minimum number of intersections with main streets.

Service levels

Currently, any institutions of cultural and public services are characterized by varying degrees of visitation frequency. In accordance with this, the following classification was developed, according to which three stages are distinguished. Let's consider each of them in more detail.

First stage

It includes devices and institutions that are visited daily by a large number of residents. Similar residential areas are kindergartens, schools, food stores, as well as points of sale of essential goods, cafes, pharmacies, consumer services. It is important to note that the availability of the previously listed sites is within 350-500 meters.

The second stage

This category is traditionally referred to as institutions that are visited at some frequency. These include libraries, cinemas, clubs, sports centers, health care organizations, points of contact and so on. The radius of availability in this case is assumed to be 1000-1200 meters. This allows for an average walking speed to reach your destination in 15-20 minutes without using the means of transportation.

The third stage

The last group includes items of so-called episodic use. This means that city residents visit such places less often than the institutions described earlier. These residential areas are museums, theaters, economic and administrative buildings, concert halls, specialized medical centers, urban sports facilities.

Main factors

When planning and building up microdistricts, many criteria are used. Some of them are the following major technical and economic indicators:

1. Density of housing stock (net and gross). Characterized by the total number of meters of square habitable areas that fall on one hectare of the territory.

2. Density of housing estate construction (gross and net). It represents the ratio of the percentage of areas occupied by buildings to the directly inhabited building. It does not take into account the territories involved in the organization of sports grounds, kindergartens and schools, as well as cultural and economic facilities.

3. Density of population (net and gross). It is determined by the number of inhabitants per 1 ha of the territory of the microdistrict in question. It should also be noted that the general characteristic expresses the population density in relation to the entire so-called residential area of the microdistrict. This ratio of the number of people living there to one hectare of the developed area. With reference to small cities, the whole territory is called a residential area, which in turn is divided into microdistricts. Large megacities can consist of a whole system of public and administrative centers and sub-centers. Their main task is to effectively maintain buildings that are located most remotely in relation to the city center.

Classification of development

When planning microdistricts, many factors must be taken into account. For example, the number of the estimated population, the development of zoning schemes, the placement of maintenance buildings, the design of the location of houses and schemes of travel.

Let us consider in more detail the last criterion. Depending on the location of residential buildings relative to each other, there are four main areas of development: perimeter, line, group and mixed. The first type is characterized by the location of the long sides of the houses along the streets, by which the area is limited. A distinctive feature of this direction is the simplicity of architectural filling. However, there are several shortcomings: bad connection of yards and streets, unfavorable orientation to the sides of the world, low ventilation. In turn, line building is allocated mainly parallel building of buildings in relation to each other. This allows you to put each of them under the same conditions. Nevertheless, the architectural construction of streets suffers. The group type of development is used in the event that the microdistrict is of considerable size (about 10 hectares). The location of houses in such situations is carried out by separate groups, inside each of which a court is formed. This arrangement has many advantages: excellent ventilation, expressiveness and variety, architectural simplicity.