Renaissance culture: music and painting

The culture of the Renaissance was inherent in Central and Western Europe during the period between the 14th and 16th centuries. During this period, the picture of the world changed very radically: humanism found its place in it. The culture of the Renaissance was based on antiquity. Precisely because this era was peculiar to revive the traditions of the ancient world, it was called the Renaissance or Renaissance era.

In the 13th century art was not peculiar to portray a person in general (the human image was used only when writing icons), it depicted only the relation of man to God, and then in abstract forms. The architecture of that time was characterized by gothic and disembodied.

But already at the beginning of the 14th century art began to radically change: N. Pisano changes the style of architecture, and the artist Giotto di Bondone begins to write completely new in style paintings: three-dimensional, more lively, cheerful, realistic, with clearly defined objects of the situation.

By the end of the 15th century, Renaissance culture is flourishing: many artists are working in a new style, using perspective, trying to portray "the ideal person." In architecture, however, the Gothic style completely ceases to be used - it is replaced by the classical style, the basis of which is proportionality and balance.

Speaking directly about painting, it should be said that the artistic culture of the Renaissance is divided into several periods: Early, High, Later and Northern Renaissance.

A classic example of the artistic culture of the Early Renaissance are paintings by Sandro Batticeli. Such canvases as "Birth of Venus", "Lamentation of Christ" and "Spring" not only made the artist's name immortal, but also became one of the first successful attempts to depict the beauty of the human body.

For the High Renaissance, an image of a harmonious and free personality, such an ideal is typical. One of the most outstanding artists of the time was Leonardo da Vinci - it is with his name that many associate the culture of the Renaissance.

An ingenious artist, musician, architect, anatomist, sculptor, engineer, poet, visionary - all this can be said about him. Many of his sketched but not implemented inventions are used in the modern world, and the mysterious Mona Lisa still excites the imagination of many.

For the Late Renaissance Mannerism is characteristic, not affecting only Venice. This period can be called a period of decline in culture.

The Northern Renaissance is related to late Gothic art. The most outstanding artists of this period were the following: Baldung Hans, Hieronymus Bosch, Hans Holbein, Peter Bruegel and Jan Van Eyck.

The musical culture of the Renaissance is both related to the art of the Middle Ages, and is different from it. In Italy, during the Renaissance, the leading place still belongs to the church chant, but polyphonic singing has begun to develop , making it more difficult to make music, making it more emotional and unusual.

The Netherlands was able to significantly develop their musical traditions, forming a polyphonic school. It was remarkable that she taught young musicians not only Dutch, but also English, French and Italian traditions.

In France, attention was paid to music not only in the form of church hymns, but also in the form of a many-voiced secular song called chanson.

In Rome, as in the Netherlands, a polyphonic school was founded. The peculiarity of the Roman musical tradition was complicated music and clear, clear text.

In Venice, the compositions were extraordinarily lush and luxurious, and in England unprecedented popularity was gained by small home musical compositions.