Reagents protivogololednye: production, characteristics and application

Reagents protivogololednye - a modern means that ensure the patency of roads in major cities. With their help, you can make roads more safe, and the means themselves are environmentally friendly.

How do reagents work?

Most of these tools are designed to lower the melting temperature of the snow. When sprinkling snow, the anti-ice reagents lead to the fact that the active substance emits heat, which quickly cleans the roads of icing and drifts. All mixtures are solid or liquid, in our country the first option is most often used, since it differs:

1. Ease of use.
2. There is no need to use special equipment and special personnel training.
3. Low expenditure of funds with a large area of coverage.

Solids are more often granulated and have a better meltdown ability. In addition, some reagents of the counter-ice type of this type can be used even at temperatures below 30 degrees. Some formulations are supplemented with corrosion inhibitors that protect the road surface from damage. Snow melts and is easily removed, and the degree of slip is reduced, due to which the road becomes clean and safe.

From the history

The need for reagents occurs every winter, as this is the easiest way to avoid the formation of ice on the roads in a timely manner. The production of anti-ice reagents is carried out in accordance with GOSTs, so that the final composition does not have a harmful effect on the natural balance, easily removed from the soil and does not lead to damage to car tires. Due to the fact that modern technologies are being improved, and the quantity and quality of used raw materials is growing, modern anti-ice means are able to ensure environmental friendliness and safety of use.

It is noteworthy, but in recent years these compositions have changed significantly, and more modern reagents have been used to replace the usual sand and salt mix (92% sand, 8% technical salt). Their composition is different, depending on the purpose of the remedy and the scope of its application. The use of sand and salt mixture over time has become unreasonable, since in the spring on the roads there was sand, which was clogged with gutters. Later it was accepted to use as a reagent simply technical salt, which quickly melted the ice, was characterized by resistance to frost and constant action.

On the other hand, such anti-ice reagents - salt technical first of all - had and disadvantages. First of all, they were expressed in the corroding of car bodies, shoes of passers-by, and where the soil was too saline, nothing grew.

Primary requirements

The principle of operation of most anti-glaze agents is simple: it absorbs moisture from the ice, as the water saturates, the crystals become liquid, the frozen crystals are heated and melted. Today for the treatment of the roadway can be used a different anti-ice reagent - GOST for each material, as well as technical requirements:

1. Maximum safety for the environment.
2. No harm to the natural balance of the soil.
3. High efficiency: that is, the agents at low concentrations should be distinguished by fast operation at all temperatures.
4. Easy to use: most formulations are scattered over the soil or are sprayed on it.

Composition

Reagents protivogololednye mostly consist of various salts - chlorides, chlorates, hydrochlorides, which begin to operate at extreme temperatures, and act instantly. The effectiveness of the reagents is enhanced by several components:

• Anticorrosive additives;
• Biophilic components that improve soil quality;
• Accelerating additives, which operate under extreme temperatures;
• Baking powder.

Calcium chloride

In recent years, more advanced anti-ice reagents have been used, the technical characteristics of which promote compliance with environmental standards. And the usual hard formulations have been replaced by effective liquid that are easily applied and leave no residue on the road, on wheels, or on shoes. Often, HCM is used from liquid analogs, which is consumed less, is able to melt ice even at low temperatures and prevents the appearance of ice.

On the other hand, the antifoaming agent based on calcium chloride had some drawbacks:

1. It operates for only three hours, so the treatment of the road must be kept constantly.
2. Scientists who studied the composition of this tool came to the conclusion that when using it, the coefficient of adhesion of tires to the road surface is reduced, that is, it turns out that HCM attracts moisture, while the technical salt repels it.
3. Calcium chloride did not meet the environmental requirements, as it could cause allergy and corroded metal vehicles.

Advantages and disadvantages

Specialists note that due to the hygroscopic properties of calcium chloride, when it hits the snow, it reacts with it and releases heat. Such protivogololednye reagents, technical characteristics of which are very different, do not harm the environment. The advantages of using this anti-ice reagent are:

• The ability to penetrate quickly and deeply into the ice layer;
• Operative melting of ice and soil fertilization;
• Reducing the adhesion forces of ice and road surface due to brine formation;
• Activity of the reagent, which affects its lower consumption.

Eismelt

The use of anti-ice reagents is aimed at cleaning the streets of cities in time from snow. "Eismelt" is a modified substance capable of operating at the lowest possible temperature of -20 degrees. The use of this substance is advisable because of its effectiveness, economy, safety and the possibility of application even on grass. In structure, the ice-curing agent is a gray-colored crystalline granule consisting of calcium chloride, sodium chloride, a corrosion inhibitor that is needed to protect the surface.

The application of "Eismelt"

The composition of the material makes it possible to use it in two ways:

1. As a preventive measure. In this case, "Eismelt" is used in advance, before the onset of winter, to treat the coating, which is most vulnerable to the risk of icing. It is best if the treatment is carried out before precipitation. The substance should be evenly distributed over the surface.
2. For the fight against icing. In this case, the material is applied to the ice surface, dissolving the particles. Before treatment, the coating must be cleaned of loose snow.

These anti-ice materials reagents have several characteristics:

• Easy to use;
• Are used in small quantities;
• Do not have in the composition of harmful substances and impurities, so if used correctly, they will be safe for nature, people and animals.

Granite crumb

This antifoaming drug has been used in this capacity for a long time, since it contains no harmful substances, and its cost is pleasing with availability. To process the road against ice, a fraction of 2-5 mm is suitable, which can be easily distributed over the surface. Granite chips are different:

• Strength;
• Durability;
• Environmental friendliness and safety;
• Use at any temperatures.

Granite crumb is made by crushing granite of granite rocks, after which the material is sieved and washed - this is necessary in order to rid the structure of granite dust. Of course, this is not a reagent in the truest sense of the word, since crumb does not melt ice, but thanks to its high abrasiveness and good adhesion to the icy surface, the material has found wide application in this capacity.

Peskosol

Perhaps, the sand and salt mixture is the most popular way to get rid of ice. It is a combination of river sand with industrial salt. The use of this composition is advisable due to low cost and the possibility of application in any temperature regimes. The mixture is created taking into account certain proportions, which depends on the degree of ice and the features of the surface being treated. The effectiveness of this reagent is explained by several features:

• Sand due to its abrasiveness contributes to better grip of the wheels of vehicles and the surface of the roadway;
• Technical salt provides melting of ice, making it less slippery.

Among the advantages of using this composition is affordable cost, ease of use, quick action on the roadway and use in any conditions. But it is worth remembering that if low-grade sand is used, in which there are many fine particles, this will lead to the formation of a mash on the road. A good mixture consists of purified fractional sand. The second point - the use of the composition is advisable only in the presence of a temperature of at least 20 degrees, since at lower levels it will stick together and it will not be easy to distribute it evenly.

Liquid means

Today, liquid anti-ice reagents are becoming increasingly popular. They are based most often on calcium chloride, and their main purpose is to fight ice on the winter road, which accounts for a high traffic intensity. The advantages of using liquid compositions are:

• Effectiveness of exposure to ice;
• Facilitating the harvesting of snow mechanically;
• Ensuring a level of safety on the road ;
• Rapid distribution over the surface;
• Ease of transportation.

Technology features

For the first time the technology of liquid reagents was used in Europe, and today it is popular in Russia. The essence of the process is that the dry salt is moistened with solutions based on calcium chloride, which increases its effectiveness. The wetting technology is good because:

1. The reagent is evenly distributed along the road surface.
2. Adhesion of the composition and the roadway is getting better.
3. The reagent remains on the road and is not carried away by machines, unlike solid materials, therefore it is advisable to use liquid solutions on the road with high intensity.
4. The use of a liquid reagent reduces the salt load on the environment.

Selection rules

Before choosing the anti-icing material, it is necessary to take into account its characteristics such as:

1. High melting power. For example, calcium chloride is more effective than technical salt in terms of the degree of impact on the ice cover.
2. A sufficient crystallization temperature, which allows the reagent to be used for a long time.
3. The acceptable viscosity of the composition, which guarantees the safety of its use on the roadway. If the composition of the material is calcium chloride, then it can be used even at extreme temperatures.

Remember that liquid reagents are more effective, as the surface is wetted. In addition, the use of such formulations is advisable due to the uniformity of distribution on the road surface, low flow and a wide temperature range of operation.