Creativity M. Yu. Lermontov - a fertile topic for study. Schoolchildren, as a rule, are genuinely interested in the tragic fate of the poet, intrigues the ambiguity, mysteriousness of the personality, carries bright expressive lyrics, touches loneliness and misunderstanding even by close friends and friends. Poems by Mikhail Yuryevich easy and with pleasure learn by heart. Perhaps, only such acute, socially-philosophical works, as, for example, the elegy "Duma", can cause some difficulties in interpretation and understanding.
Introduction to the topic
It is more logical for a teacher or a student (on the instruction of a teacher) to make a small introductory report on the social and historical situation in Russia in the 1930s and 1940s. And a preliminary analysis of the poem "The Duma". Lermontov - it is worth emphasizing this - was the representative of the advanced part of the nobility. He considered himself and his generation spiritual heirs and successors of the Decembrists. The tsarist regime did its utmost to erase from the memory of the intelligentsia and the people the events that took place in 1825. There came the era of reaction and timelessness, the persecution of all living thought, a critical idea, that is, everything that was at variance with the policy of autocracy. And all the dissenting and obstinate people were waiting for imminent payback, Pushkin's fate is a vivid example. At this point the teacher should emphasize the class's attention, starting the analysis of the poem "The Duma". Lermontov and his adherents tried to oppose the external bondage with their inner freedom, withdraw into themselves, into their inner world - this was a kind of protest against arbitrariness. However, the attempt turned out to be a mistake, an illusion. And the hard work of thought led to complete inaction, inertia. Such are the prerequisites for the poet to create his angry elegy in 1838, whose theme is a critical analysis of his generation and a severe sentence to him.
Reading by heart and interpretation
The next stage of the lesson is reading by heart and analyzing the poem "The Duma". Lermontov, according to the critic VG Belinsky, pointed out in him the reasons for his own despondency, devastation, disbelief in ideals, and the problems of his contemporaries. It is in them that the pupils, together with the teacher, have to be sorted out. Schoolchildren are asked a number of questions: determine the emotional mood of the work; Identify the main lexical and semantic centers of it, indicating the key words; Indicate the artistic space of the poetic text. The teacher should try to reach the concept of "reflection", producing an analysis of the poem "Duma" with the class. Lermontov, in fact, introduced into Russian literature a new hero - a reflective personality: a man of intelligence, thinking, always and in everything doubting. Self-analysis, a critical perception of reality and oneself is a distinctive feature of him and the best part of the noble society. It is necessary to pay attention to the ranks of pronouns in the poem and draw a conclusion: the Poet's conversation about time and about himself is what the "Duma" is. Lermontov (analysis continues) from the personal "I" rises to the generalized "We", fully sharing the responsibility for idleness, the meaninglessness of their lives, spiritual and political apathy. He conveys the desperation that gripped the noble youth, disbelief in their strength and ability. This emotional plan determines the main poetics of the work.
Paperwork
You can look into the creative laboratory of the poet, reveal how the "Duma" was built. Lermontov creates his verse on the model of quatrains. Have the students write out the last lines of each. To what conclusion does the poet come? What stylistic and artistic techniques does it use? What is achieved through them?
Final stage and conclusions
At this stage, the lesson should be summarized. Make, write down the necessary conclusions. To help students formulate their points of view on the problems under consideration. Identify the relationship with modernity. Show on the example of the lesson the main motifs of Lermontov's lyrics.