Population of the Chelyabinsk region: number, employment, social protection

Behind the Ural mountains, on the border of Europe and Asia, the Chelyabinsk region is located. These lands are famous for their unique nature, powerful heavy industry and people. The population of the Chelyabinsk region is proud of the once born talents, such as V. Zhukovsky, D. Mendeleev, I. Kurchatov.

Geography of the Chelyabinsk region

The region is located in the middle and southern Urals, between such large neighbors as Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Kurgan regions, Bashkortostan and Kazakhstan. The area of the region is 88.5 thousand square meters. Km. Most of the area is located on the Trans-Ural plain and the West Siberian lowland, a small part covers the eastern slope of the Ural mountain range. The relief of the local territories is very diverse: there are mountains, forests, lakes, hills and plains. The highest point of the region is Mount Nurlat (1400 m). The region is rich in hydro resources, the river network is organized by three large rivers: Kama, Tobol and Ural. Here their upper reaches are located, so the rivers do not yet have the power that is characteristic of them in other regions. But their numerous sources and tributaries create a good water supply of the region.

In total, there are almost 500 rivers of different sizes. The region is extremely rich in minerals. In the extraction of magnesite, graphite, talc and dolomite, the region is a monopolist in Russia. Oil and gas fields are also discovered and developed here. The uniqueness of the Chelyabinsk region is that it is located immediately in 4 natural zones: forest, steppe, forest-steppe and mountain-taiga. Therefore, there is a very rich flora and fauna, and there are favorable conditions for growing various crops. Such favorable conditions have contributed to the fact that people have settled here for a long time already.

Climate and ecology

The Chelyabinsk region is located in the continental climate zone with a long cold winter and a short hot summer. The Ural mountains do not allow penetrating the air masses from the Atlantic into the region, and they keep the anticyclones from Asia well. The average temperature in winter is minus 17 degrees, in summer - plus 16. The population of the Chelyabinsk region for many years has successfully adapted to the local climate and has learned to grow a lot of agricultural products in the region.

Ecology in an area in which a large number of manufacturing companies and plants are actively operating causes anxiety. Despite the fact that the sanitary services claim that everything is within the limits of the norm, nevertheless, at the entrance to large cities with the naked eye it was visible. And the inhabitants say that there is a lot of soot in the air, which settles on all objects.

History of settlement

The first people in the territory of the modern Chelyabinsk region appeared in the Paleolithic era. In the 17th-16th centuries BC. E. Here there was a proto-city civilization, monuments of the most ancient times can be seen in the Arkaim reserve and in the Ipatiev cave. In the new era here lived Scythians, Saks and Sarmatians. Later they were replaced by Huns, Turks and Protomagyars. In the era of land grabbing by the Mongol-Tatar army, these territories became part of their empire. A new story begins in the 18th century, when the Chelyabinsk fortress is being built. In 1744 these lands became part of the Orenburg province. Later they were attributed to different administrative units. Only in 1943 the region gained its present shape. The population of the Chelyabinsk region actively participated in all historical events of the country, and today the region is an important part of the Russian economy.

Administrative division and the city of Chelyabinsk region

The Chelyabinsk region (in accordance with the decree of 2006) is divided into 16 city districts and 27 municipal districts. In the area of only 27 cities and 1244 settlements of different scale. If we consider the population of the Chelyabinsk region by cities, it can be noted that the largest cities in this area are Chelyabinsk (1 million 200 thousand people) and Magnitogorsk (417 thousand people). The rest of the settlements are much smaller in number of inhabitants. Cities with a population of 100 to 200 thousand only three: Chrysostom, Miass, Kopeysk. Most of all in the region of small towns with a population of less than 20 thousand. The administration, whose competence includes social protection of the population of the Chelyabinsk region, monitors the dynamics of the population and notes that there is a tendency to reduce the number of inhabitants of small settlements in the region. Residents from villages are increasingly moving to cities in search of work.

Population dynamics

Systematically track the population of the Chelyabinsk region began in 1959. Then the region was home to 2 million 976 thousand people. Over the next 30 years the region has grown steadily, and by 1991 there were 3 million 700 thousand inhabitants. Since perestroika, a long period of declining numbers of people in the region has begun. For 20 years it has decreased by 300 thousand people. Since 2012, a slow growth began, and today the population of the Chelyabinsk region is 3 million 500 thousand people. The largest increase in this show the major cities in the region: Chelyabinsk and Magnitogorsk.

Economy of the region

The region demonstrates stable economic development. The main industries in the region are metallurgy, machine building, chemical industry, energy, radio electronics, nuclear industry, as well as services and processing. Pride of the region - metallurgical enterprises, in the region also operate 16 large industrial enterprises, which produce about 60% of all metal products of the country. On the basis of its own metallurgical production there are 9 large machine-building enterprises. The employment department of the Chelyabinsk region estimates that 48% of the region's inhabitants are employed in various spheres of production in the region. The region's economy is growing steadily in the food and services sector. Local agriculture does a good job of providing the region with essential products: vegetables, bread, meat, dairy products.

Employment

Statistics show stable employment of the population of the Chelyabinsk region. In 2016, unemployment is about 2%, which is a good average for the country. The diversity of production enterprises allows finding work for both qualified and unskilled cadres, both men and women. The economic crisis in the country makes employment a little more difficult, therefore unemployment has added 0,5% for a year. However, statistics show that in small towns and rural settlements work is becoming less, which leads to labor migration of the population. Residents are redistributed within the region: they move from villages to cities. A part of the population makes daily travel to the place of work in the city.

Demographic characteristics of the population of the Chelyabinsk region

The highest density of the region's population is shown by Chelyabinsk - about 2200 people per 1 sq. Km. Km, in Magnitogorsk this parameter is about 1000 people, and the average density of the population in the region is only 39 people per 1 sq. Km. Km. Sexual differentiation among the inhabitants of the region fits the all-Russian trend: 1,594 men account for 1,844 women. The relatively favorable economic situation in the region contributes to the fact that the population of the Chelyabinsk region is gradually rejuvenated. The birth rate in recent years has grown, but still can not outrun mortality. Therefore, there is a small negative dynamics of the number of inhabitants of the region, but the situation is saved by migration.