Overhaul of residential buildings in Moscow. Overhaul program

A house is considered to be multi-apartment if it consists of two or more apartments that have independent access to a land plot adjacent to the house or to a common use space in it. In this house there are elements of common property with the rest of the property owners, which is established by the Town Planning Code. According to methodological recommendations, in an apartment building, unlike an individual house, immovable property includes two parts:

1. Premises that are intended for use in residential and non-residential purposes, while they may be the property of citizens registered in the territory of the Russian Federation.
2. Common property, which is divided into ownership interests between owners.

What is the essence of the work?

The capital repair program is a whole set of documentation, on the basis of which all technical measures should be carried out. The existing system of repairs assumes that the repair and construction transformations must be carried out at clearly defined intervals, which are strictly regulated and strictly implemented. All other terms and volumes of work are agreed by a legal act.

Capital repair of residential buildings in Moscow, like any other city in our country, involves the replacement or restoration of certain parts, structures, utilities and equipment due to the fact that they are physically worn out or destroyed. In addition, within the framework of these same works, the consequences of obsolescence of certain structures are eliminated, internal improvement is carried out, that is, the modernization of the building.

Types of overhaul

Overhaul of buildings and structures can be complex and selective - it depends on what is the technical condition of the buildings that need to be repaired, the features of their planning decisions, and the degree of internal improvement. In complex works, structural elements and engineering equipment are replaced by more modernized elements. And repair can be carried out on the whole building as a whole or its separate sections. In the case of complex repairs, work is supposed to be carried out, which is established by the law on overhauling FZ-185, art. 15. Materials should be used that will ensure the standard life of the structures and systems undergoing repair. After the works, the apartment house must meet all the operating requirements, which are presented to it.

In case of selective repair, a complete or partial replacement of individual structural elements of the house and equipment is made to fully compensate for their physical and functional wear. For conducting selective repairs, it is important to take into account the technical condition of individual structures and building elements.

Who is responsible?

The decision to carry out repairs is most often taken at a general meeting of homeowners. There are a number of rules that must be taken into account:

1. Only general property in an apartment building is being repaired.
2. Of the composition of the common property, only those structural elements and communication systems that are described in Part 3 of Article 15 of the Federal Law-No.185 are repaired.
3. Capital repairs of houses must be carried out in the volume, as established by federal law.

All these conditions are created in order to solve several problems at once. First, it is important to improve the energy efficiency of apartment buildings. Secondly, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for the existence of citizens. Thirdly, the use of modern materials and new technologies ensures the modernization of each building. At the same time, modernization means measures necessary to update outdated planning solutions, engineering equipment, so that the building will eventually meet the existing requirements.

What is included in the common property?

To understand completely, what is the overhaul of the facility, it is important to understand what property is considered common. According to the rules, the composition of the property is determined by the owners of the dwelling themselves, who also perform the duties of maintaining their premises. Control over the content of the common property is assumed by public authorities, but they are prepared and conducted open competitions for the selection of the management company by local government bodies. In this case, common parts are those parts of the house that perform an auxiliary function. Premises of common use in the house are:

• Staircases;
• Elevators;
• Stairs and shafts;
• Corridors;
• Various cellars (technical, wheelchair).

That is, everything that is not part of the apartment and is not intended for individual use, according to the rules, is considered common. Thus, the program for the overhaul of apartment buildings must be made with these parameters taken into account.

What is included in the overhaul?

So, we decided that in each apartment building there is a common and individual property. According to this, a plan for performing repair work is also drawn up. Thus, the overhaul of residential buildings in Moscow suggests that the following services should be implemented in the framework of capital activities:

1. Internal engineering systems (that is, heat, gas, water and electricity) have been repaired.
2. The elevator equipment must be repaired or replaced if it is found to be unusable.
3. The roof is being repaired, as well as the basements considered common property.
4. Repair work is carried out on the facade and foundation.

According to normative legal acts, the capital repair fund is engaged in financing all these works, which is formed on the basis of contributions, the minimum amount of which is also established by law. In addition, the funds of this fund can additionally be directed to the insulation of the facade, the installation of a ventilated roof and the device of exits to it, the installation of meters - common to the whole house, the installation of various thermal units. If the owners decide to increase contributions above the minimum amount, then these funds can also be used to repair the common property in the house. In addition, certain funding can also go through state support, which is provided by a specific subject of the Russian Federation. It is on the basis of such assistance, as a rule, that regional repair works are carried out in many cities of our country.

Normative acts: what to remember?

According to the legislation, capital repairs must be carried out in a timely manner - this is clearly regulated by regulatory legal acts. So, the law on overhaul fixes the minimum amount of contribution for repair of common property in the house. Again, according to the legislation, the system of work on checking the technical condition of apartment buildings is determined. In accordance with legal acts, a regional operator is chosen, the composition of its property is determined, and constituent documents are created that will establish its activities.

The normative acts also specify in what order and on what terms the state provides its services in order to carry out major repairs of residential buildings in Moscow. It is the state that, if necessary, should issue loans, loans and other funds for the implementation of the capital repair program. At the state level, the process of establishing regional programs is also monitored.

Features of regional policy

In the regions, the overhaul program has its own characteristics:

1. Define the terms of capital repairs of the apartment building, which may differ from the generally accepted.
2. The program is approved by the executive authority of each constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
3. It also provides for the possible provision of financial support at the state level.

The regional program consists of several components. First, it includes all apartment buildings, which must be repaired in accordance with the resolution. From this list, emergency and demolition buildings are excluded. Secondly, houses are excluded from the program, the structural elements of which (that is, the roof, walls or foundation) have a degree of physical wear over 70%. Thirdly, regional overhaul does not cover houses, repair of which will cost more than erecting one square meter of housing. After the regional program for the overhaul of apartment buildings has been established, the terms and procedure for the work and the sources of their financing must be determined within six months. Normative acts of the Russian Federation also speak of the fact that houses consisting of three or fewer apartments may not be included in the regional program. The peculiarity of the program is that after its adoption and approval, it is impossible to make any changes to it.

Capital repair of residential buildings in Moscow and any other subject of the Russian Federation is carried out in the order indicated in the regional program. At the same time, repairs are first carried out in those houses that will be privatized first. According to the law, any regional program must be updated every year.

What are the contributions?

The owners must pay monthly installments, on the basis of which the repair and maintenance work will subsequently be carried out. The minimum size is set by the Town Planning Code, but the amount may be more if the owners want it. If the housing is emergency or will be demolished, then the owners should not pay any funds. According to the code, tenants are obliged to pay contributions for capital repairs within eight months. The Moscow region, for example, reduced this period to three calendar months. It is at the expense of interest from these contributions that a capital repair fund is formed. Owners of housing can choose themselves, in what way they will form this fund:

1. To transfer contributions for major repairs to a special account.
2. Transfer funds to the account of the selected operator.

In the first case, the owners need to determine the amount of the monthly contribution (it can not be lower than the minimum set by the regulatory legal act), the list of capital repair works, establish the terms of capital repair of the apartment building, assign the account holder and choose the credit organization that will open it. In the second case, the owners will simply choose a regional operator, it is he who will deal with all the above issues. Owners of housing are given a period of six months, during which they must decide on the way the fund is formed. At the same time, the way of formation of the fund at any time can be changed - again by the common decision of the owners of the premises. In general, all decisions related to the change of the management company or the determination of the amount of contributions are taken at the general meeting.

Where can I spend money from the fund?

As the law says, major repairs of apartment buildings are carried out at the expense of the fund. That is, any construction work and development of project documentation can be paid from these funds. In addition, money from the fund can also be used for other purposes, for example, if it is required to pay construction supervision services, repay loans that were taken for repairs, pay the costs of obtaining guarantees and sureties if it is required to take out a loan for overhauling. If suddenly the building is recognized as emergency or is subject to demolition, then all funds contributed to the fund are divided between the owners of premises in the house.

What's in Moscow?

As already mentioned, in each constituent entity of the Russian Federation a regional program is adopted, on the basis of which technical and repair measures are carried out. In Moscow, such a program is planned for 2014-2016. Over the years, it is planned to conduct a number of works:

1. Repair of common property and a number of structural elements. In 2013, within the framework of these works, 390 apartment buildings were repaired.
2. To repair the facades of buildings, which are located in the central part of Moscow.
3. Perform a number of works on the replacement of elevator equipment in apartment buildings

In the capital over the past few years, a model has been developed, on the basis of which the state co-finances the repair work carried out by the owners. That is, the city allocates subsidies to the owners of the houses, and they pay the missing amount out of their means. At the same time, about 95% of the funds are allocated from the city budget for these purposes, while about 5% of the residential premises have been repaired at the expense of the residents themselves.

Moscow Capital overhaul program

In the Moscow region, a more extensive program covering 2014-2038 was developed. During this time, the authorities plan to solve many tasks in a phased manner. At the same time, the program takes into account the use of modern and energy-efficient materials and technologies. The program is aimed at creating safe and favorable living conditions for residents. Repair and technical measures in the Moscow region will be carried out in stages.

* Figures will be updated as the program is implemented

All the houses repaired during the program will receive a class of energy efficiency. The assignment of the class will be conducted under the supervision of the State Housing Inspection of the Ministry of Defense. In this case, not emergency and not subject to demolition will be subject to major repair, and the list is approved in the program of each specific subject of the Russian Federation.

Thus, the overhaul organization is a complex of works aimed at making the housing more convenient and favorable, while the performance characteristics of each building become better.