Health, Women Health
Nonspecific inflammatory diseases of female organs
Inflammatory diseases of female organs of nonspecific etiology today occupy about 65% of all gynecological problems. It may be due to a variety of factors that contribute to the penetration of microbes into the genitals.
Therefore, I would like to draw attention to and consider in more detail such issues as inflammatory diseases of female organs, treatment and prevention of their appearance, classification and characteristics of each species.
Causes of "female" inflammatory diseases
As already mentioned above, both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of female genital organs are associated with the penetration of germs in the genitals. It can happen during sex with sperm or grease, as well as directly from the body of the woman (for example, from the intestine).
Many factors contribute to this process, such as the use of intravaginal tampons, as well as various intrauterine interventions.
What is accompanied by inflammatory diseases of female organs? Symptoms can be varied. Therefore, we return to this topic when considering each of them separately.
Inflammatory diseases of female organs: classification
There are several classifications of female diseases. Separate them based on different indicators: the course of the process, the type of pathogen, the pathways of infection, and so on.
Proceeding from the nature of the course there are acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of female genital organs. The first differ marked symptoms, while the signs of the second type may not be so noticeable.
Depending on the pathogen, female diseases are divided into two groups:
- Specific inflammatory diseases of female genital organs. Their occurrence is caused by pathogenic flora, which is usually transmitted sexually. The most known specific inflammatory diseases of female organs: gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis, HIV, tuberculosis, papillomavirus and herpetic infections. As we see, in most cases this group includes sexually transmitted diseases.
- Nonspecific inflammatory diseases of female genital organs. This group of diseases is caused by endogenous flora, which is present in every organism. Normally, it is in an inactive state, and when activated, causes inflammatory processes (we are talking about staphylococci, Escherichia coli, streptococci, etc.).
The main non-specific inflammatory diseases of female organs: vulvitis, colpitis, cervicitis, endometritis (acute and chronic forms), salpingoophoritis, pelvioeritonitis. Let us consider in more detail each of them.
Vulvit
Inflammatory diseases of female organs will begin to be treated with such a disease as vulvitis. The following factors can provoke its appearance:
- Ignoring the rules of intimate hygiene;
- Helminthiosis;
- The presence of cystitis or endocrine diseases;
- Presence of thermal, mechanical and chemical influences;
- Wrong, uncontrolled use of medicines (antibiotics).
There is also a secondary form of vulvitis. It appears because of the effect on the genitalia of a large number of secretions in thrush, endocervicitis, trichomoniasis, endometritis.
During an acute form, the following are usually observed:
- Itching;
- Burning and pain in the external genital area;
- Which become stronger with urination and walking;
- Copious discharge;
- temperature increase;
- Weakness in the body.
In addition, there are swelling, hyperemia, as well as purulent plaque and bleeding ulceration on the mucosa of the vulva. In some cases, there may be an increase in inguinal nodes.
The chronic form is characterized by less pronounced symptoms until the onset of exacerbation of the disease.
Colpitis
The next problem, which is attributed to the group "inflammatory diseases of female organs", is colpitis. This is inflammation of the vaginal mucosa. The main cause of its occurrence is an infection caused by pathogens (gonococci, trichomonads, genital herpes viruses, candida fungi, cytomegalovirus, intestinal flora, etc.). This can be facilitated both by general (menstrual disorders, metabolic problems, infectious diseases), and by local factors (gaping of the sexual gap, ignoring the rules of intimate hygiene, falling out or dropping of the walls of the uterus or vagina, etc.).
As already mentioned above, there are acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of female organs. Colpit in this regard deserves special attention.
The acute form of the inflammatory process is accompanied by the appearance of whites, a feeling of heaviness and discomfort in the vagina and in the lower abdomen, itching and burning. In addition, there may be the appearance of painful sensations, intensifying during urination. With a severe form of acute colpitis, the temperature may rise, overall health may worsen.
During the acute stage of the disease, the swelling of the vaginal walls and hyperemia are observed. In addition, colpitis is accompanied by the appearance of pinpoint hemorrhages and reddish nodules (an infiltrate, in which there is no epithelial cover) on the mucosa.
In the chronic form of the disease, the main visible symptom is a change in the nature of the discharge to purulent or serous.
Endometritis
The disease is an inflammatory process on the muscular and mucous membranes of the uterus. It is accompanied by swelling of the mucous membrane, the appearance of a purulent coating on it, and later - necrosis and rejection of the functional layer.
Factors contributing to the development of endometritis are:
- Abortion;
- Scraping of the uterus;
- Use of intrauterine contraceptives;
- Recent childbirth.
Accompanying the disease with fever, malaise, the appearance of purulent-bloody or serous-purulent discharge, as well as pain in the lower abdomen.
The acute form lasts from 4 to 10 days and in the presence of correctly selected treatment does not leave consequences, and the epithelial layer is quickly restored.
The chronic form of endometritis is very rare. It develops as a result of the lack of necessary therapy for acute treatment or after repeated intrauterine interventions. More rarely, the cause of the appearance of chronic endometritis is the presence in the uterus of suture material after a cesarean section, parts of the fetus during late abortion and so on.
The main symptoms of the disease are:
- Aching pains;
- The appearance of whiteness and bleeding from the vagina;
- Compaction and enlargement of the uterus.
After a chronic chronic endometritis , abnormalities in the functionality of the ovaries are often observed, which leads to spontaneous miscarriages and infertility.
Cervicitis
Cervicitis is an inflammatory process in the cervical canal. The reason for this is the same bacteria that cause other inflammatory diseases of female organs: streptococci, staphylococci, Trichomonas, chlamydia, gonococci, intestinal flora.
The acute stage of the inflammatory process is characterized by a change in the discharge from the vagina, which become mucous or purulent. In addition, some cases of manifestations of the disease are accompanied by blunt pain in the lower abdomen.
Chronic form of cervicitis can be detected with the appearance of turbid mucus discharge from the vagina.
Salpingo-oophoritis
Inflammation of the uterine appendages is called salpingoophoritis.
Depending on the method and path of infection, the disease can be primary and secondary. In the first case, the pathogen of inflammation can enter the appendages from the lower genitalia, with the use of intrauterine contraceptives, sexually, as well as during therapeutic or diagnostic procedures (blowing pipes, scraping the uterus, etc.).
In secondary salpingo-oophoritis, the infection can be transferred metastatically (during pneumonia, tonsillitis, influenza) or from internal organs that are close to the uterus (rectum and sigmoid colon, appendix).
The acute form of inflammation is accompanied by constant, rather strong pains in the lower abdomen. They can also spread to the rectum and lower back. In addition, usually observed:
- Nausea (sometimes with a single vomiting);
- Bloating of the intestine;
- General weakness;
- chills;
- Dry mouth;
- Increased heart rate and fever.
The abdomen becomes painful on palpation, especially its lower part, and the muscles of the abdominal wall can be strained.
Chronic salpingo-oophoritis is usually manifested as a result of incomplete recovery after the acute form of the disease. In this case, at the first stages of its development, there may be no special symptoms. Only after some time there are aching pains in the lower abdomen. They can spread to the vagina, inguinal folds and the sacrum. They have the property of increasing during menstruation, as well as with cooling or the presence of extragenital diseases.
Chronic salpingoophoritis can lead to infertility, violations of menstrual and sexual functions, ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage. In addition, it can provoke a violation of the functions of the urinary, hepatobiliary and digestive systems.
The course of the disease is usually characterized by the presence of frequent exacerbations, which are accompanied by pain, mood swings, impaired ability to work, endocrine and vascular disorders, as well as worsening of overall well-being.
Pelvioperitonitis
There are inflammatory diseases of female organs that affect not only the vagina, uterus or appendages, but also the entire pelvic peritoneum. One of them is pelvioperitonitis. It can be either diffuse or partial.
The causative agents of pelvioperitonitis are the same microorganisms that cause other nonspecific female diseases, so we will not repeat them again with their enumeration. This illness can also be acute and chronic.
Pelvioperitonitis develops as a secondary disease with infection in the uterus, epididymis, ovaries, appendix and other organs of the abdominal cavity.
In acute form, there is a pronounced symptomatology in the form of:
- Sudden deterioration of the condition;
- Tachycardia;
- Severe pain in the lower abdomen.
The latter are accompanied by nausea, vomiting, chills, bloating, dry mouth and muscle tension of the abdominal cavity.
During the chronic stage of the disease, adhesions develop which can affect the correct position of the uterus and its appendages.
Treatment of inflammatory diseases of female organs
It should be noted right away that with the appearance of nonspecific inflammatory diseases of female organs, it is strictly forbidden to engage in self-medication! Only an experienced gynecologist can perform the correct diagnosis after performing an examination and obtaining the results of the tests. He will also appoint the necessary medicines, which will help quickly get rid of the problem that has arisen.
Therapy may vary depending on the type of disease. Usually, it involves the use of antibiotics in order to prevent the progression of the inflammatory process. In the presence of irritation on the external genital organs, baths with therapeutic antiseptic and soothing herbs, as well as special intimate ointments and creams can be prescribed.
In addition, in some cases, surgery and special pharmaceutical preparations may be necessary. Deeper into the study of this topic is not necessary, since the necessary treatment can be selected only by the doctor based on the nature of the course and symptoms of the disease.
Prevention of the onset of inflammatory diseases
We examined what inflammatory diseases of female organs are, the symptoms of each of them and possible ways of treatment. But are there ways to avoid them? How to protect yourself from such problems as inflammatory diseases of female organs? Prevention includes several simple tips. It is important that you follow each of the rules listed below.
It is worth starting with the fact that the need to vaccinate ways to prevent the onset of female inflammatory diseases is necessary for all girls from childhood. First of all, it is the observance of intimate hygiene. Older girls need to be acquainted with the possible consequences of promiscuous sexual relations and frequent changes in sexual partners.
It is necessary to follow the general health status, to treat other infectious and inflammatory diseases in time (tonsillitis, appendicitis, cholecystitis and others).
It is mandatory to visit a gynecologist on a regular basis, which, after examination and a smear taken, can detect the problem even before the appearance of visible symptoms. In this way it will be possible to defeat the disease at the stage of its inception.
Immunity plays an important role. Therefore, it is worth strengthening it in every possible way, starting with taking vitamins and ending with, for example, hardening.
Another important point concerns those who could not protect themselves from the inflammatory process. Due to the special mechanism of work of female immunity and timely proper treatment, acute symptoms of the disease quickly subsided, pain syndrome disappears and overall well-being improves. But this does not mean that the woman has recovered! Therefore, it is very important to undergo a full course of prescribed treatment and rehabilitation therapy - this is the only way to avoid repeated exacerbations and the transition of the disease to a chronic form that is characterized by more serious consequences.
As you can see, there is nothing complicated in prevention methods, therefore it is not difficult to adhere to these simple rules.
Be healthy!
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