National costume of Mordovia (photo)

A special feature of all ethnic groups are traditional costumes of peoples. Mordovsky is the most vivid example of this.

Erzya is one of the oldest Finno-Ugric tribes.

Creating his traditional costume, the Mordovian people invested their souls, wanted to make it bright, original. All their efforts, invested in the created outfits, were successfully justified.

Brief description of the attire

Formed the costume Mordovian for many years in the central European part of Russia. In the creation of a national dress, many of the borrowed elements borrowed from the Erzyan and Mokshan peoples are very closely intertwined.

In the traditional costume of Mordovian there are elements of decor that helped to reveal all the views about the beauty of a person. The outfit combined all the completeness of the creativity represented in the embroidery, the manufacture of jewelry made of beads and beads, weaving. It was also a great talent to wear and wear the costumes of the Mordvinian people. Sometimes, to dress such an outfit, it took a couple of hours and help a few more people.

Single Description

Mordovian national costume is incredibly bright and colorful.

The daily women's and men's wardrobe was considered comfortable and as best suited as possible for carrying out household chores, it was suitable for all requirements of natural and climatic conditions. It included body clothing, summer, winter and demi-season.

All sorts of decorative ornaments were necessarily present.

But the festive Mordovian female costume consisted of a large number of components. He was a true national work of art.

Necessarily, according to ancient traditions, elements of respected and revered symbols - health, strength and endurance - were introduced into Mordovian costume (photo is presented in the article). In most cases, they were standard.

Female national dress

The female costume of Mordovia, a photo of which was given further, was formed on the basis of a long long shirt - panar. They sewed it from two large pieces of cloth. There were four seams on her chest and back. It was this part of the outfit that was borrowed from Erzyan. To make it comfortable to walk and work, we did not sew up to the very bottom. The sleeves on the shirt were straight and wide.

The collar was missing, and the neckline on the chest was triangular and very deep. To slightly hide such a large neckline, we applied clasps - syulgamo. They were in two versions: oval with non-closed mobile ends and in the form of a trapezoid.

Also on the neck hung beads and a special lace with coins and beads strung on it.

The main decoration was embroidery, which was very dense. It framed completely all the edges of the neck, sleeves, hem and passed in the middle in front and behind the large stripes.

On holidays, young women from above put on a beautifully embroidered shirt - shake.

But the style of Moksha's shirt was slightly different. It was sewn from three pieces of cloth, along the length was much shorter, to the knees. So under the pants were worn pants. Thoracic incision was oval in shape.

Another part of the outfit was the sleeveless jacket. We put them on top of the shirt. The cut of the model was at the waist, made of black fabric. From the side of the back there was a decor of bright satin ribbons.

The most important element of the attire

One of the most important components of this costume is the belt - the bullet. He existed in two varieties: with a roller and without it. They made it from a rectangular piece of canvas and stuck in cardboard or felt. On its outer side were patterned embroidery and various decorative ornaments.

It is this component Mordovian folk costume borrowed from Erzyan. Traditionally, his girlfriend put it on the day of majority and after that she had to wear constantly, without taking off.

Unlike the everyday bullet, festive was decorated very richly. There was a multicolored beaded pattern, coins, chains, buttons. From the very bottom of the belt, woolen fringe descended almost to the knees. For daily use, the bullet was black, and the trim was considered green or red.

On the edges hung a variety of pendants. They consisted of an iron frame of several rows of wire or a narrow wicker series of links. There were attached bells, trifles, beadwork and chains. Despite the fact that he retained a certain pattern and was decorated according to ancient traditions, but still sometimes it was allowed to exercise independence in decorating it.

It was this element in the suit that was an indicator of the territorial belonging and financial solvency of the owner.

Features of hats

One of the elements that adorn the women's traditional costume is the Mordovian headdress. There were several kinds. Large - with a rigid base in the form of a rectangle and cone-shaped - were called pangos, this kind of wore ersi. A considerable popularity was received by the dress-forty. He represented a cap from a canvas, embroidered with beads and a dowel, a robe or a hairspring was put under it.

An integral part were temporal suspensions, which were made from shells, feathers, coins. Even more popular were headdresses in the form of fringe or feathers.

And women-moksha gave their advantage to soft, light-weight dresses such as a towel with embroidered ends.

This detail of the outfit should definitely match the years and the marital status of its possessor.

Also, there were rules and traditions, for example, a girl, unlike a woman, was not allowed to cover her head completely. And the church was made to wear a scarf, reminiscent of a short towel with embroidered patterns on the ends. Young girls wore hats.

Warm clothes, shoes

Women's warm costume Mordovian almost did not differ from the male. In the demisezon, men wore sunani stitched from the cloth. In the winter period - coats of sheep's wool.

They had shoes with shoes. Their distinguishing feature was an oblique weaving, low sides, a trapezoidal head shape. They were made usually from lime and vyzovoj a bast. Their legs were wrapped in saddle-cloths, they were of two kinds: the lower ones for the feet, the upper ones for the calves. With the onset of cold weather, white or black onuchi were worn on top of them. But on holidays they wore boots made of cow or calfskin. In winter, white felt boots were preferred.

Also, do not forget about the decoration in the ears. These were earrings with a suspension - a coin or a bead.

Innovations

Already at the end of the 19th century the women's Mordovian folk costume was supplemented with an apron. According to the model, it was divided into three types: closed with sleeves, with a breastplate and without. They sewed it from a cloth of various colors. After such an innovation, he became an integral part of the outfit. Wore it constantly - on holidays, workdays. Like all clothes, decorated with embroidery, satin ribbons, lace ruffles.

The classic female Mordovian national costume preserved its primacy until the beginning of the 20th century. But no doubt, there are still villages in which they revere, cherish and observe old rituals and customs.

Description of clothes for men

The costume of the Mordovian male also had its own characteristics, although it had something in common with the clothes of Russian heroes.

One of the important components was a shirt - a panar and trousers - ponxt.

Daily working clothes were made of heavy hemp fabrics, and elegant festive clothes made of light flax. Panar was worn out and must be tied with a belt.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, fabrics of factory production have been used.

The summer masculine costume of Mordovia provided for a shirt - a white ryazhonki, which was worn on top of a panar.

Demi-season clothing was a cloth coat of dark color - shit. And when they were going on a trip, they put on a chapan. In the cold season - sheepskin coats.

An important detail of the costume

It is worth paying special attention to the elements included in the traditional costumes of peoples - the Mordovian belt, which had a special significance. It was leather and decorated with a buckle made of expensive metals. In turn, it was simple, in the form of a ring, or difficult - with a shield, for the purpose of fastening to a belt. An iron tip was fastened to the other edge, and plaques of various forms to the outer side. And all this was decorated with various patterns and stones. It was also used as a device for hanging weapons or other things. Since ancient times, the belt has been considered a masculine distinctive feature.

Their shoes were simple - bast shoes. But, like women, on holidays it was boots with a heel and an assembly on the shins.

One of the popular headgear is black and white felted hats with small fields. The summer version was canvas caps. In the cold season they wore caps with earflaps and malachays.

On the process of making outfits

Embroidery is considered a colorful and original manifestation of talent, being one of the main decorations of national clothes. In the process of needlework used woolen, but sometimes silk thread. Also worth noting is the fact that the main colors of the Mordovian people were dark red and black with a blue tinge, and additional - yellow and green. The most popular is the use of octagonal stars in the ornament. Basically, the patterns were arranged along an inclined grid.

Girls began to teach embroidery from an early age. This skill was considered one of the virtues of a girl. Between them they always competed in craftsmanship, inventing new drawings and figures.

They took all their inspiration for creating new elements from nature. Therefore, the appropriate names for the patterns - sprockets, spruce branches, chicken legs - were selected.

Until a certain time, the base from which the costume was sewn Mordovian, was made by their efforts. Light linen fabrics, coarse canvases, wool for sewing warm clothes. Also, they themselves dyed with natural dyes thread for embroidery, and all this thanks to a well-developed national economy.

In addition to all this, women traded with patterned weaving. Usually it was used to decorate the elements of clothing: headdresses, belts. Mordovian people used in the decoration of the geometric ornament: rhombus, cage, zigzag, fir-tree.

Decor dress

Also very popular was the application. For its manufacture, silk and paper threads, cloth, braid, gold strips were used. Thus, in a variety of options, she even replaced embroidery. Decorated with overhead patterns, mostly warm clothes.

Essential role in Mordovian folk art is played by sewing beads. Its color scheme was not diverse, mostly it was red, yellow, white and black. And the ornament is the same as that of embroidery. It was widely used for performing various decor elements and dressing.