Mushrooms of the Crimea. Mushrooms of Crimea edible: description, photo

Mushrooms are eukaryotic organisms devoid of chlorophyll. They differ from the lowest plant and animal species anatomically, biologically and morphologically. In the article, the fungi of Crimea are edible and poisonous. We invite the reader to read their descriptions and see the photos. There are a lot of fungi on this peninsula, and they grow in different places: from the steppe to forests and plateaus.

Mushroom history of Crimea

The season usually begins after the onset of Indian summer, but in general, they can be collected all year, at any time. Although there are a lot of fungi on the peninsula, they were never considered the main food. Therefore, they were collected only by amateurs. This attitude persisted until the 20th century. After came into fashion Mediterranean cuisine, which includes a variety of mushroom sauces. People have changed their attitude to food. Thus, the fungi of Crimea began to enjoy great success among the population of the peninsula.

What species grow on the peninsula

In the Crimea, many different mushrooms, and the most common of them, which are so fond of collecting "quiet hunters" - are redheads, mushrooms, white, raincoats, oily and gray soldiers. They are quite unpredictable. Since a specific collection calendar for them can not be developed.

Mushrooms of Crimea: photo, description, places of growth

Every year, the season for specific species begins and ends in different ways. "Where to collect mushrooms?" - there is no unambiguous answer to this question, as there are a lot of them on the peninsula. Many of them are considered edible. Not without poisonous species. But basically the demand is used by familiar and familiar to all mushrooms, which grow in other regions.

Season rozhikov - this is Indian summer

Ryzhiki grow until almost the end of October. They love shady places under firs and pines, ravines, longitudinal furrows and pits. Hat on average is up to 15 cm, almost always flat, but sometimes has a slightly depressed middle form. Its edges are wrapped down. After the growth, the hat straightens, becoming funnel-shaped. In color these mushrooms of Crimea are light orange, red or bluish-green.

Opyata

They can be collected on the peninsula by buckets, and not only in the forests, but also in the gardens and gardens. Season - wet and warm autumn. The diameter of the cap is from 3 to 10 cm. The leg is long and can reach even 20 cm. The cap is grayish-yellow on top and white, lamellar below. These mushrooms grow in groups, right on the stumps, where the name came from. They also like fallen trees.

White mountain

Do these mushrooms grow in the Crimea, where to collect them? You can find them in the mountainous part of the peninsula, among shrubs and glades. The hat has a convex shape, it is wrinkled or smooth. In dry weather, a little crack, and when wet it becomes mucus. The flesh of these mushrooms is white and dense, has a pleasant smell and does not change color.

Raincoats

These mushrooms of Crimea are akin to champignons. They are found in deciduous forests and come in three types: pear-shaped, spiny, and giants. The latter often reach a height of 34 cm.

Oily

They prefer to collect them on the Ai-Petri Plateau. For lovers of oil, this is a real Mecca. The hat of mushrooms in diameter is up to 14 cm. Half-spherical initially, later it acquires a rounded shape. The color is brown, but can be of different shades. The leg sometimes reaches 11 cm. These mushrooms love bright places, glades and edges. They mostly grow in the woods, but you can find them under a tree in a meadow. In the Crimea, they are often found even near the stones.

Rowing Gray

These are the most popular mushrooms of Crimea. Otherwise they are called mice. Their hats are up to 12 cm, gray, round-conical. The legs are quite long - reach 12 cm. But mostly they are immersed in moss. Mushrooms are usually small, although among them you can find just giants. They are collected from September to November. They grow in mixed and coniferous forests. Mice come across mainly in old pines, in moss, under needles and fallen leaves and on sandy soil.

Steppe mushrooms of the Crimea: one-legged

This is another interesting representative of the mushroom world, which is often called a crane. He likes to grow among the grass in the steppe area. Only to find one-sided is quite difficult. Local residents (near Simferopol) are used to calling it differently, each according to their associations. For example, you can often hear the word "ungulate". This name was given to her because of a wooden stalk. Many call her a duck because of the peculiarities of growth. It stands like a wake-up, like a tired bird. Sometimes you can stumble across the whole "garden" of these mushrooms.

The odnobochka is very similar to the oblique funnel, which has the wrapped edges of the cap. The plates are wide, white and rare. But the main feature of this fungus is that it grows in the grass, on the prickly Tartar, or the field horseman. Usually the season starts in May and ends in November. But there were cases when it was found in January. For food used in a freshly prepared form, many prefer to marinate.

Since the steppe zone of the peninsula occupies more than half of the territory, then fungi of this area are mushrooms, boletus, boletus, birch bark and redhead. These species are no different from their brethren, except that they grow in the grass, and not under the trees. The most popular steppe mushrooms of Crimea are oyster mushrooms, one-sided. They belong to the same family. But they have their own peculiarities. Although many people take them for one kind. The litter grows in the bare steppe, which is completely devoid of trees. But the oyster mushroom lives on decaying trunks.

Other varieties

Are there any other edible fungi of Crimea? These are champignons, mushrooms, turtles, oak-trees, boletus, oyster mushrooms, russula. Together with raincoats after heavy rainfall there are also golovachi. Many of the fungi of Crimea, photos of which can be seen in this article, are very popular. For example, morels, who prefer constancy. They are found in the usual places: wasteland, fringe and felling. Unattractive, but for a special flavor they appreciate the cook.

Poisonous Crimean Mushrooms

There are about 45 species. Poisonous fungi of the Crimea are divided into 5 groups according to their toxicity.

• 5th group: gray entoloma, tiger ryadovka, flat-boned mushroom. Symptoms of easy poisoning start from 30 minutes to 5 hours after ingestion. The malaise lasts up to a week.
• 4th group: ink and shaggy dung. Poisoning occurs when alcohol is consumed simultaneously with them. Therefore, it should not be drunk for three days after the mushrooms were eaten.
• 3rd group: govorushki (pale, reddish, orange-red and waxy). All symptoms of poisoning begin 15 minutes after eating mushrooms. Sometimes they lead to the death of a person.
• 2nd group: red and panther fly agaric. When poisoning is often possible death.
• The 1st group is the most poisonous mushrooms, deadly to humans. These include: pale toadstool, spring white and green fly agarics and cherry-brown scales. Symptoms begin to manifest almost immediately after their use.

These all mushrooms though are poisonous, but too can be useful to the person. Some of them are used by pharmacists for the preparation of various medicines and are sometimes included in the composition of herbal preparations for brewing. Of course, the dosage is the most minimal.

Where to collect mushrooms

Many prefer the Crimean mountains, there is often found the famous white mushroom. Ai-Petrinskaya yaila is very popular. Also there are a lot of them on flat tops of mountain ridges. And the excellent places for "quiet hunting" are considered forests near the mountain Demerdzhi - in Lucysty.

Many good places near Sevastopol - where the forest stretches to Bakhchisaray. In the east of the peninsula, mushrooms are harvested, starting from Feodosia and ending with the Old Crimea. The steppe zone is also rich in them - near the estuaries of Donuzlav and Sasyk. The largest number of mice can be found in the area of Kolchugino and the Crimean Observatory. Ryzhiki - near Rybachy, and chanterelles are collected in the Marble. Oats are most often found in Stroganovka and Zelenogorsk district.

Mushroom Ethics

There is an ethic in the fans of "quiet hunting". You can not kick mushrooms with your feet, even if they do not represent any interest. They may be required by another. Ideally, the collection takes place in baskets woven from rods. This is due to the fact that polyethylene buckets and bags do not allow air to pass through, and the collected mushrooms can "not live" to the house. They need to be cut with a knife, near the ground, so as not to damage the roots.

You can not pull them out of the mycelium and tear off the moss. It damages and destroys the roots. Under a bright sun, the mycelium dries and dies. The most favorable time for collection is after the last warm rain, especially if it was at night. In order to preserve the mycelium, a rotten specimen that has fallen on the way is broken into small pieces and scattered around.

How to avoid poisoning with mushrooms

The main causes of poisoning are caused by improper collection and storage. Mushrooms growing in the Crimea also have false counterparts. They are difficult to distinguish from edible species. The market even has a special expertise, which is available to anyone to check their trophies.

To prevent poisoning when buying mushrooms, you need to carefully inspect whether they are poisonous. Doubtful is better to throw away. Important and their age differences. Old and lethargic mushrooms are difficult to recognize for whether they are edible or poisonous. If there is even the slightest doubt - it is better to simply refuse them.

Processing and cooking mushrooms is necessary on the day of collection. Otherwise, poisonous substances may form in them. To begin with, they need to boil in water for ten minutes and only after that fry and cook again. Some mushrooms in raw form, if you just lick your tongue, leave a bitter taste on it. These immediately can be thrown away - it's poisonous. Even if they look like edible.