Electric heaters: operating rules, fire safety during operation

Electric heaters are such devices that can convert a current into thermal energy. In everyday life, we are constantly confronted with them, and this category includes not only the means for heating, but all existing household items. This is teapots, and plates, and hair dryers, and much more. The basis of such devices is the heating element.

The use of all these items is associated with increased attention. The operation of electric heaters must be carried out in accordance with the rules of fire safety.

Groups by purpose

Depending on the scope of their application, electric heaters are divided into the following groups:

• For heating people;
• Electric heating tools;
• For cooking and heating food;
• For ironing;
• For heating of premises;
• For heating water.

Types of constructions

Devices of this type have their own classification, which is described in detail in the existing GOST standards. However, despite this, in practice it is not used very often. Sometimes electric heaters are very difficult to divide into one or another species, as in recent years they have appeared very much.

Below we will consider the division of these items depending on the type of their constructions:

• Open heating elements;
• Closed;
• Hermetically sealed.

This version of the classification of devices rather well describes them in terms of technical, but does not make it clear how they should be used. The use of electric heaters for the purpose we have considered a little higher. And below we consider another system of their separation.

Devices depending on the heating product

According to this classification, electrical appliances are divided into water heating and air-heating.

But it, too, will not be complete, because some equipment is difficult to attribute to the first or second group. For example, microwave or electric ovens. Therefore, the first classification is the most accurate, where electric heaters are classified according to their purpose.

Heating Features

Such a method of heating devices has a number of visible advantages in comparison with others. In particular, with gas or with the use of solid or liquid fuel. First of all, it is able to improve the conditions of people's stay in their place of application.

Electric heaters for heating rooms are not explosive, unlike gas, and do not leave behind harmful discharges that can pose a potential hazard to human health.

In addition, these devices have such advantages in comparison with analogues of another origin:

• High power;
• Ease of use;
• High efficiency (in some cases reaching more than 95 percent) and much more.

Household electric heaters are equipped with infrared heating, high resistance or high frequency.

Products for cooking

Compared to other cooking appliances, those that work by high-frequency heating do this much faster. The dishes themselves do not lose their nutritional qualities, they are not burned, washing dishes will be easier. And microwave ovens do not radiate heat into the environment, which is very important when the kitchen is very hot.

Electric heaters for cooking and warming up dishes are divided into the following categories:

• General purpose products;
• For frying, baking and quenching;
• For cooking;
• For drinks.

What can I cook on?

Cooking and warming dishes of different kinds can be done with the help of microwave ovens, floor and portable appliances, marmites, as well as special devices for warming up baby food.

To cook something or make drinks, it is usually used:

• Teapots;
• Coffee pots and coffee makers;
• Samovars and much more.

Teapots can have a body made of aluminum, plastic or brass. The heater is most often tubular and placed inside. For better heat transfer, it can be pressed with a disk or screw to the inner bottom.

The coffee pot differs somewhat in shape, and it is also equipped with a special geyser. The heating element is located in the double bottom of the device. But the coffee machine is designed for cooking drinks under pressure. It includes two vessels. One - for boiling water, and the second for collecting a ready-made drink. Water heats up and under pressure passes through coffee from one vessel to another.

Samovars at the moment are almost not used, most often they are a decorative element of the interior in the national style. They have a traditional shape and are made on the basis of brass.

Products for household use

Under the category of electric heaters are all kinds of everyday things that we use if not every day, then often enough.

In particular, ironing products, such as special machines and electric irons. Widely used and appliances that heat water - it's submersible boilers, and water heaters flowing and accumulating type.

The heating elements include devices for welding and burning, vulcanizers, soldering tools and much more. Also household appliances are used for drying hair (hair dryers) and for laundry (dryers, coasters, special sliding curtains).

Protection classes

Fire safety must be adhered to when operating electric heaters. When using them, you need to know what protection class each product belongs to:

• Zero - devices equipped with working insulation, with no additional means of protection;
• Zero first - products equipped with such insulation and connected to the ground loop by non-conductive metal parts;
• The first - there is an additional connection to the conductive parts, so that if the insulation is damaged, these parts will not be stressed;
• Second - there is no protective connection, but there is double insulation; The body is made of a material that does not conduct current;
• Third class - the product has low-voltage power, is extremely rare.

Requirements for operation and installation

Contacts with this type of equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of special regulatory documents. This concerns its design, installation and commissioning. And we are talking not only about the products of domestic use, but also about electrical networks and installations.

It should also periodically monitor their technical condition. It is necessary to observe the rules for the operation of electric heaters. For example, in rooms where there is no duty person outside of working hours, they should be de-energized. The only exception is the basic lighting, anti-fire installations and burglar alarms.

If we talk about living quarters, then the products can be left under tension, if this is allowed by the instruction or is their purpose.

Do not allow the installation and use of overhead transmission lines near flammable roofs or canopies, as well as warehouses with explosive substances and articles.

Fire safety requirements

To prevent fire, observe the following rules:

• Do not use power receivers in locations and conditions that do not comply with the instructions of their manufacturers;
• Do not use products with a malfunction that could cause a fire;
• Do not use wires or cables with damaged insulation or without protection;
• Do not use broken sockets, switches and other products for their intended purpose;
• Do not wrap lamps and lamps with paper, fabric bandages and other combustible materials, it is prohibited to use light sources without hoods, if they are provided for by their design;
• It is forbidden to use tiles, irons, kettles and other electric heaters if they do not have thermal protection and supports based on heat - insulating non-combustible materials that can prevent fire;
• Do not use self-made instruments, fusible uncalibrated inserts and other non-standard short-circuit protection products;
• Do not place or store flammable and flammable substances and products near shields, motors and starting equipment;
• If the premises are explosive, then all types of household appliances can not be used in it.

However, not always knowledge of fire safety rules can protect against fire. Naturally, all electrical appliances must be used in accordance with existing requirements to prevent property damage and more serious consequences.

If the fire does occur, then it can be stopped in time by calling the fire service at 01 or 010. Also there is an emergency number 112, which can be called even from a mobile phone when there is no money on it and even if there is no SIM card .

However, it is better not to allow such situations. To do this, when buying a product, carefully study its instructions, so as not to get defective goods. Remember that the use of electric heaters should not lead to unpleasant consequences, but to be beneficial.